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–ÚŽŸF


CQ 1

œ¸‘ƒŽîᇂɂ͂ǂ̂悤‚Ȋ댯ˆöŽq‚ª‚ ‚é‚©H


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¸‘ƒŽîᇂ̉Ƒ°—ðC’â—¯¸‘ƒC”½‘Α¤‚̸‘ƒŽîᇂ̊ù‰‚ÍC¸‘ƒŽîᇂ̊댯ˆöŽq‚Å‚ ‚éB•s”DÇE¸‰tŒŸ¸ˆÙí‚àƒŠƒXƒN‚ɂȂéB‘ŽYE’á‘ÌdŽ™E–¢nŽ™C‹“ûEƒ`[ƒY‚ÌÛŽæC‚g’·‚ȂǂàŠëŒ¯ˆöŽq‚̉”\«‚ª‚ ‚éB
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¸‘ƒŽîᇂ͑½‚­‚̼—m”‘‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄC20 ¢‹I”¼‚΂©‚ç”­¶—¦‚ª‘‰Á‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邪C¸‘ƒŽîᇂ̉uŠw‚Í–¾Šm‚ɂ͂ȂÁ‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B¸‘ƒŽîᇂ̔­¶‚É‚ÍCˆâ“`“IˆöŽq‚Ɗ‹«ˆöŽq‚ªŠÖ‚í‚Á‚Ä‚¨‚èClŽí‚É‚¨‚¯‚é”­¶—¦‚Ì·ˆÙC‰Æ‘°«”­¶CƒGƒXƒgƒƒQƒ“‚È‚ÇC‘Ù“àƒzƒ‹ƒ‚ƒ“ŠÂ‹«‚â•êe‚Ì‹i‰Œ‚ȂǑَ™Šú‚É‚¨‚¯‚é‰e‹¿C–¢nŽ™‚â’á‘ÌdŽ™E’â—¯¸‘ƒ‚âŠÂ‹«ƒzƒ‹ƒ‚ƒ“”픘‚È‚ÇCo¶‚©‚çŽvtŠú‚É‚¨‚¯‚é‰e‹¿‚ȂǑ½‚­‚̈öŽq‚ªŠÖ‚í‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚é1-3jB

¸‘ƒŽîᇂ̉Ƒ°«”­¶‚Å‚ÍC•ƒe‚ª¸‘ƒŽîᇂł ‚ê‚Î4 ”{‚ÌƒŠƒXƒNCŒZ’킪¸‘ƒŽîᇂł ‚ê‚Î8 ”{‚ÌƒŠƒXƒN‚ª‚ ‚èCŒZ’킳͊‹«ˆöŽq‚à‹¤—L‚·‚邽‚ß—lX‚ȈöŽq‚ª‰Á‚í‚邯C10 ”{ˆÈã‚ÌƒŠƒXƒN‚ª‚ ‚邯‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é1jBˆê•ûC‰Æ‘°«”­¶—á‚É‚¨‚¯‚éˆâ“`Žq‰ð͂̌‹‰Ê‚©‚ç‚ÍC¸‘ƒŽîᇂ̔­¶‚ɂ͒Pˆê‚̈â“`Žq‚¾‚¯‚ł͂Ȃ­C•¡”‚̈â“`Žq‚ªŠÖ‚í‚邱‚Æ‚ªŽ¦´‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é4jB‚Ü‚½C—¼‘¤”­¶—á‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚©‚çC”½‘Α¤‚̸‘ƒŽîá‡‚ÌƒŠƒXƒN‚Í25 ”{‚É‚È‚é‚Æ‚Ì•ñ‚à‚ ‚é2jB¸×ŠÇ“àˆ««ãó×–EŽîi¸×ŠÇã”ç“àŠàFCISj‚Í5 ”NˆÈ“à‚É50“‚ª¸‘ƒŽîá‡‚É‚È‚é‚Æ‚Ì•ñ‚ª‚ ‚èCŽvtŠú‚ÉCIS ‚ð—L‚·‚éê‡C‚Ù‚Ú‘S—႟‘ƒŽîᇂð”­Ç‚·‚邯‚Ìl‚¦‚à‚ ‚é3jB

’â—¯¸‘ƒ‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ă͑½‚­‚Ì•ñ‚ª‚ ‚èCŠm—§‚µ‚½ŠëŒ¯ˆöŽq‚Æ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é1-3, 5jB21 ‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ð‚Ü‚Æ‚ß‚é‚ÆC4.8 ”{‚ÌƒŠƒXƒN‚É‚È‚é‚Æ‚Ì•ñ2jC2-4 ”{‚ÌƒŠƒXƒNE5-10 ”{‚ÌƒŠƒXƒN‚É‚È‚é‚Æ‚Ì•ñ3jCŽèp‚ÌŽžŠú‚ª’x‚­‚È‚é‚ÆƒŠƒXƒN‚ª‚‚­‚È‚é‚Æ‚Ì•ñ1j‚Ȃǂª‚ ‚éBƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì‘½”—Ⴓ̉ð͂łÍC¸‘ƒŒÅ’èp‚ð13 Ζ¢–ž‚ÅŽ{s‚µ‚½ê‡‚ÍƒŠƒXƒN‚ª2.23 ”{‚ɂȂé‚̂ɑ΂µC13 ΈÈã‚ÅŽ{s‚µ‚½ê‡‚Í5.40 ”{‚É‚È‚é‚Æ•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é6jB‚³‚ç‚ÉC’â—¯¸‘ƒ‚ª‚ ‚邯ƒŠƒXƒN‚ª3.71 ”{C”A“¹‰º—ô‚ª‚ ‚邯ƒŠƒXƒN‚ª2.13 ”{‚É‚È‚é‚Æ‚Ì•ñ‚à‚ ‚é7jB

‚Ü‚½C•s”Dǂ⸉tŒŸ¸ŠŒ©‚̈Ùí‚Æ¸‘ƒŽîᇂ̊֘A‚à•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é8, 9jB•s”DÇ‚Æf’f‚³‚ê‚½ê‡‚ÍƒŠƒXƒN‚ª2.4 ”{‚Ƃ̕ñ9jC¸‰tŒŸ¸‚ɈÙí‚Ì‚ ‚é•s”Dǂ̒j«‚Í20 ”{‚ÌƒŠƒXƒN‚ª‚ ‚邯‚Ì•ñ‚à‚ ‚é8jB‚Ü‚½C”D›s«’ቺisubfertilityj‚͸‘ƒŽîá‡‚ÌƒŠƒXƒN‚ª1.68 ”{‚Ƃ̕ñ‚à‚ ‚é10jB

o¶‘O‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍŽüŽYŠú‚̈öŽq‚Æ‚µ‚ÄCƒGƒXƒgƒƒQƒ“‚ȂǑٓà‚̃zƒ‹ƒ‚ƒ“ŠÂ‹«‚ÌŠÖ—^‚ªl‚¦‚ç‚êC•êe‚Ì”N—îC”DPŠúŠÔ’†‚̈«Si‚‚í‚èj‚Ì’ö“xC”DPŠúŠÔ’†‚ÌoŒŒC•êe‚Ì‹i‰ŒC”DPŠúŠÔ‚Ì’·‚³Co¶Ž™‚Ì‘ÌdCV¶Ž™‰©át‚Ȃǂª‚ ‚é1-3, 11jB•êe‚Ì”N—15-19 ΂Ìê‡‚ÍƒŠƒXƒN‚ª–ñ2 ”{‚ɂȂèC’á‘ÌdŽ™i2,500 g –¢–žj‚Ü‚½‚Í2 TŠÔˆÈã‘‚­oŽY‚µ‚½ê‡C•êe‚ª”DP12 ƒJŒŽ‘O‚É”ð”D–ò‚ð“à•ž‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½ê‡‚àƒŠƒXƒN‚ª‚â‚â‚‚­‚È‚é11jB’´‘ŽYi22-29 Tj‚Å‚ÍƒŠƒXƒN‚ª3.95 ”{‚Ƃ̕ñ‚à‚ ‚é12jBˆê•ûC–k‰¢Še‘‚̉uŠw’²¸‚©‚çC•êe‚Ì‹i‰Œ—¦‚Ƹ‘ƒŽîᇂ̔­¶—¦‚ª‘ŠŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½‚ªC‚»‚ÌŒã‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚©‚ç‚Í–¾Šm‚ÈŠÖ˜A‚݂͂ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚Æ•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é13, 14jB

HŽ–‚â‘ÌŠi‚Ƃ̊֘A‚Ì•ñ‚à‚ ‚é15-17jBƒ`[ƒYC‹“ûCƒKƒ‰ƒNƒg[ƒX‚𑽂­ÛŽæ‚·‚邯ƒŠƒXƒN‚ª‚‚­‚È‚é16jCg’·‚ª‚‚¢‚Ƹ‘ƒŽîá‡‚ÌƒŠƒXƒN‚ª‚‚­‚È‚èC¬Ž™Šú‚̉h—{ó‘Ô‚ªŠÖ˜A‚·‚é17jC‚g’·‚Í—LˆÓ‚ÈƒŠƒXƒN18j‚Æ•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB

–{–M‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚àC¸‘ƒŽîᇊ³ŽÒ‚É’â—¯¸‘ƒE”A“¹‰º—ôE• –Œâó“Ë‹N‚Ì•sŠ®‘S•½‚Ȃǂ̗LˆÓ‚È•p“x‚̇•¹Ç‚ª‚Ý‚ç‚êC’â—¯¸‘ƒEŽüŽYŠúˆöŽqE‰Æ‘°ˆöŽq‚ªŠëŒ¯ˆöŽq‚ɂȂ邩‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢‚Ƃ̕ñ‚ª‚ ‚é19jB

y•¶Œ£z

1jRichiardi L, Pettersson A, Akre O. Genetic and environmental risk factors for testicular cancer. Int J Androl. 2007G30i4jF230-40.iⅥj

2j Dieckmann, KP, Pichlmeier U. Clinical epidemiology of testicular germ cell tumors. World J Urol. 2004G22F2-14.iⅥj

3j Garner MJ, Turner MC, Ghadirian P, et al. Epidemiology of testicular cancerFan overview. Int J Cancer. 2005G116F331-9.iⅥj

4j Crockford GP, Linger R, Hockley S, et al. Genome-wide linkage screen for testicular germ cell tumour susceptibility loci. Hum Mol Genet. 2006G15F443-51.iⅤj

5j McGlynn KA, Graubard BI, Klebanoff MA, et al. Risk factors for cryptorchism among populations at differing risks of testicular cancer. Int J Epidemiol. 2006G35i3jF787-95.iⅣbj

6j Pettersson A, Richiardi L, Nordenskjold A, et al. Age at surgery for undescended testis and risk of testicular cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007G356F1835-41.iⅣaj

7j Schnack TH, Poulsen G, Myrup C, et al. Familial coaggregation of cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and testicular germ cell cancerFa nationwide cohort study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2010G102F187-92.iⅣaj

8j Raman JD, Nobert CF, Goldstein M. Increased incidence of testicular cancer in men presenting with infertility and abnormal semen analysis. J Urol. 2005G174i5jF1819-22.iⅣbj

9j Doria-Rose VP, Biggs ML, Weiss NS. Subfertility and the risk of testicular germ cell tumorsiUnited Statesj. Cancer Causes Control. 2005G16i6jF651-6.iⅣbj

10j Peng X, Zeng X, Peng S, et al. The association risk of male subfertility and testicular cancerFa systematic review. PLoS One. 2009G4i5jFe5591. doiF10.1371/journal. pone. 0005591. Epub 2009 May 18.iⅥj

11j Coupland CA, Forman D, Chilvers CE, et al. Maternal risk factors for testicular cancerFa population-based case-control studyiUKj. Cancer Causes Control. 2004G15i3jF277-83.iⅣbj

12j Crump C, Sundquist K, Winkleby MA, et al. Gestational age at birth and risk of testicular cancer. Int J Cancer. 2012G131F446-51.iⅣaj

13j Pettersson, A., Kaijser, M., Richiardi, L., et al. Women smoking and testicular cancerFone epidemic causing another?. Int J Cancer. 2004G109F941-4.iⅣaj

14j Pettersson, A., Akre, O., Richiardi, et al. Maternal smoking and the epidemic of testicular cancerFa nested case-control cancer. Int J Cancer. 2007G120F2044-6.iⅣbj

15j Garner MJ, Birkett NJ, Johnson KC, et al. Dietary risk factors for testicular carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 2003G106i6jF934-41.iⅣbj

16j Stang A, Ahrens W, Baumgardt-Elms C, et al. Adolescent milk fat and galactose consumption and testicular germ cell cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006G15F2189-95.iⅣbj

17j Dieckmann KP, Pichlmeier U. Is risk of testicular cancer related to body size?. Eur Urol. 2002G42F564-9.iⅣbj

18j McGlynn KA, Sakoda LC, Rubertone MV, et al. Body size, dairy consumption, puberty, and risk of testicular germ cell tumors. Am J Epidemiol. 2007G165F355-63.iⅣbj

19j Kanto S, Hiramatsu M, Suzuki K, et al. Risk factors in past histories and familial episodes related to development of testicular germ cell tumor. Int J Urol. 2004G11F640-6.iⅣbj


CQ 2

œ¸‘ƒŽîᇂ̌´”­‘ƒ‚Ìf’f‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄC‚ǂ̂悤‚ȉ摜ŒŸ¸–@‚ª„§‚³‚ê‚é‚©H


„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒh

A
’´‰¹”gŒŸ¸‚ÍŒ´”­‘ƒ‚Ìf’f‚ɋɂ߂ėL—p‚Å‚ ‚éB‹ÇŠ‚ÌŒŒ—¬‚ª•]‰¿‰Â”\‚ȃJƒ‰[ƒhƒbƒvƒ‰[’´‰¹”gŒŸ¸‚ª—L—p‚Å‚ ‚éB

„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒh

B
’´‰¹”gŒŸ¸ˆÈŠO‚Å‚ÍCMRI ‚à—L—p‚Å‚ ‚éB
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‰A囊•”’´‰¹”gŒŸ¸*‚͸‘ƒŽîᇂ̉Šúf’f‚É—L—p‚Å‚ ‚èCŽîᇂ̑½‚­‚Í’áƒGƒR[—Ìˆæ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŒŸo‚³‚ê‚é1jB¸‘ƒŽîᇂ̑½‚­‚͈««‚Å‚ ‚èCƒJƒ‰[ƒhƒbƒvƒ‰[’´‰¹”gŒŸ¸‚È‚ç‚Ñ‚ÉMRI ‚ÍC[ŽÀ«‚̈««Žîᇂɂ¨‚¯‚é‚‚¢vascularity ‚ðŒŸo‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‰Â”\‚Å‚ ‚é2-5jB•\”ç囊–Eiepidermal cystj‚Ì“Á’¥‚Æ‚µ‚ÄC’´‰¹”gŒŸ¸‚ʼnQŠª‚«ó‚ ‚é‚¢‚Í“¯S‰~ó‚ð‚È‚·‚ƒGƒR[—Ìˆæ‚Æ’áƒGƒR[—̈æ‚Ì“Á’¥“I‚È‘wó\‘¢3j‚ðŽ¦‚µCMRI ‚Å‚ÍT2 ’áM†‚Å‘¢‰eŒø‰Ê‚̂Ȃ¢”í–Œ‚Ƃقڋψê‚ÈT2 ‚M†—̈æ4j‚ª‹“‚°‚ç‚ê‚éB

‹ß”NC‘gD‚Ìd“x‚ð”»’è‚·‚邽‚ß‚Éreal time sonoelastography ‚ª‰A囊‚É‚àŽg‚í‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB‚Ü‚¾’P“Ƃł̕]‰¿‚͓‚­CƒJƒ‰[ƒhƒbƒvƒ‰[’´‰¹”gŒŸ¸‚𕹂¹‚Äs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚Åf’f—¦‚ðã‚°‚Ä‚¢‚é6, 7jB

*ŒŸ¸‚É‚Í7.5MHz ‚̃vƒ[ƒu‚ð—p‚¢‚éB

y•¶Œ£z

1jDohle GR, Schröder FH. Ultrasonographic assessment of the scrotum. Lancet. 2000G356i9242jF1625-6.iⅣj

2j Howlett DC, Marchbank ND, Sallomi DF. Pictorial review. Ultrasound of the testis. Clin Radiol. 2000G55i8jF595-601.iⅣj

3j Basu S, Howlett DC. High-resolution ultrasound in the evaluation of the nonacute testis. Abdom Imaging. 2001G26i4jF425-32.iⅣj

4j Watanabe Y, Dohke M, Ohkubo K, et al. Scrotal disordersFevaluation of testicular enhancement patterns at dynamic contrast-enhanced subtraction MR imaging. Radiology. 2000G217i1jF219-27.iⅣj

5j Tsili AC, Argyropoulou MI, Giannakis D, et al. MRI in the characterization and local staging of testicular neoplasms. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010G194i3jF682-9.iⅢj

6j Goddi A, Sacchi A, Magistretti G, et al. Real-time tissue elastography for testicular lesion assessment. Eur Radiol. 2012G22i4jF721-30.iⅢj

7j Aigner F, De Zordo T, Pallwein-Prettner L, et al. Real-time sonoelastography for the evaluation of testicular lesions. Radiology. 2012G263i2jF584-9.iⅢj


CQ 3

œ‘Α¤¸‘ƒ‚ÌITMGCiintratubular malignant germ cellsjf’f‚Ì‚½‚߂̶ŒŸ‚Í„§‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚©H


„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒh

C2
‘Α¤¸‘ƒ‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄCITMGC f’f–Ú“I‚ŶŒŸ‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Ƃ̗L—p«‚ðϋɓI‚ÉŽxŽ‚·‚é–¾Šm‚Ȫ‹’‚Í–R‚µ‚¢B
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ˆÈ‰º‚ÉŽ¦‚·——R‚©‚çC¸‘ƒ¶ŒŸ‚ÅITMGCiintratubular malignant germ cellsj‚ðf’f‚·‚邱‚Ƃ̗L—p«‚Í–¾‚ç‚©‚ł͂Ȃ­C‘Α¤¶ŒŸ‚Ì—Õ°“IˆÓ‹`‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä–¾Šm‚Ȫ‹’‚͂Ȃ¢‚Æ”»’f‚³‚ê‚éB

  1. 1jITMGC ‚Æf’f‚³‚ê‚Ä‚àC‚»‚ÌŒã‚̑Ήž‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä–¾Šm‚Ȋª‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ1jB
  2. 2jITMGC ‚Ì—L–³‚ÉŠÖ‚í‚炸‚»‚ÌŒã‚ÌŒo‰ßŠÏŽ@‚ª•K—v‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ1, 2jB
  3. 3jˆÙŽž”­¶—á‚ÌŽ¡—ìтª—ÇD‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ1jB
  4. 4j95“‚ÌÇ—á‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä•K—v‚È‚¢ŒŸ¸‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ3jB

¸‘ƒ¶ŒŸ‚É‚æ‚èITMGC ‚ªŒŸo‚³‚ê‚é•p“x‚Í2-5“’ö“x‚Å‚ ‚邯‚Ì•ñ‚ª‘½‚¢B534 —á‚Ì•s”D’j«‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄŽ{s‚³‚ꂽ—¼‘¤¸‘ƒ¶ŒŸ‚Å‚ÌITMGC ŒŸo—¦‚Í2.4“4jC2,318 —á‚̸‘ƒgerm cell tumor Ç—á‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄC‘Α¤‚ÌITMGC ‚Í119 —ái5.1“j‚ÉŒŸo‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é5jB‚ˆÊ¸‘ƒ“EœpŒã‚ɑΑ¤¶ŒŸ‚ðŽ{s‚µ‚½55 Ç—á‚ÌŒŸ“¢‚Å‚ÍC2 —ái3.6“j‚ÉITMGC ‚ªŒŸo‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é3jB

‚µ‚©‚µCITMGC ”­¶‚̃nƒCƒŠƒXƒNÇ—á‚ÉŒÀ‚Á‚ĶŒŸ‚ðŽ{s‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð‘Ó–‚Æ‚·‚éˆÓŒ©‚à‚ ‚é2, 6jBITMGC ”­¶‚ÌƒŠƒXƒNˆöŽq‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍC¸‘ƒˆÞkC’â—¯¸‘ƒ‚ÌŠù‰C‘¢¸‹@”\áŠQ‚Ȃǂª‹“‚°‚ç‚ê‚é3-5jB

y•¶Œ£z

1j Hentrich M, Weber N, Bergsdorf T, et al. Management and outcome of bilateral testicular germ cell tumorsFTwenty-five year experience in Munich. Acta Oncol. 2005G44F529-36.iⅢj

2j Heidenreich A. Contralateral testicular biopsy in testis cancerFcurrent concepts and controversies. BJU Int. 2009G104F1346-50.iⅢj

3j ›“¡@“NC•½¼³‹`C’|“à@WC‘¼D¸‘ƒŽîᇑΑ¤¸‘ƒ¶ŒŸ‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄCarcinoma in situ ‚Æf’f‚³‚ꂽǗá‚ÌŒŸ“¢D“ú”å”A‰ïŽD2004G95F35-41DiⅣbj

4j McLachlan RI, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Hoei-Hansen CE, et al. Histological evaluation of the human testis--approaches to optimizing the clinical value of the assessmentFmini review. Hum Reprod. 2007G22F2-16.iⅢj

5j Dieckmann KP, Kulejewski M, Pichlmeier U, et al. Diagnosis of contralateral testicular intraepithelial neoplasiaiTINjin patients with testicular germ cell cancerFsystematic two-site biopsies are more sensitive than a single random biopsy. Eur Urol. 2007G51F 175-83.iⅢj

6j Dieckmann KP, Kulejewski M, Heinemann V, et al. Testicular biopsy for early cancer detection--objectives, technique and controversies. Int J Androl. 2011G34Fe7-13.iⅢj


CQ 4

œ¸‘ƒŽîᇂ̕aŠúf’f‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄC‚ǂ̂悤‚ȉ摜ŒŸ¸–@‚ª„§‚³‚ê‚é‚©H


„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒh

A
‰Šú‚Ì•aŠúf’f‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍC‹¹•”E• •”Eœ”Õ•”CT ‚Í•K{‚Å‚ ‚éB

„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒh

B
”]MRICœƒVƒ“ƒ`ƒOƒ‰ƒtƒB‚ÍC‚»‚Ì“]ˆÚ‚ª‹^‚í‚ê‚éꇂÉs‚¤B
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‹ß”N‚ÌCT ƒXƒLƒƒƒ“‚̸“xŒüã‚Í–ÚŠo‚Ü‚µ‚­C‹¹•”E• •”Eœ”Õ•”‚ÌCT ƒXƒLƒƒƒ“‚ÍC‰Šú•aŠúf’f‚Ì‚½‚߂̉摜ŒŸ¸‚Æ‚µ‚Ä•K{‚Å‚ ‚éB‚µ‚©‚µCƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚Å• •”ƒŠƒ“ƒpß“]ˆÚ‚̂Ȃ¢Ç—á‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍC‹¹•”CT ‚ÍÈ—ª‚Å‚«‚é‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢B”x‚¨‚æ‚ÑcŠu•a•ςɊւµ‚Ä‚ÍC‹¹•”CT ‚Í‹¹•”’PƒX üŽB‰e‚æ‚è‚àŠ´“x‚ª‚‚¢‚½‚ßC“]ˆÚ‘ƒ‚ÌŒŸõ‚Æ‚µ‚Ă͋¹•”CT ‚ðs‚¤‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚éB‚µ‚©‚µC1 cm ˆÈ‰º‚Ì”x•a•ςɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍC‹U—z«‚Ìꇂª‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ð’m‚Á‚Ä‚¨‚­‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚é1-7jB

CT f’f‘•’u‚̸“xŒüã‚É‚à‚©‚©‚í‚炸C• •”CT ‚ł͔÷¬“]ˆÚ‚â³íƒTƒCƒY‚Ì•a•Ï‚ð“]ˆÚ‚Æf’f‚·‚邱‚Ƃ͂ł«‚È‚¢‚½‚ßC‹U‰A«—¦‚ª”äŠr“I‚‚­‚È‚Á‚Ä‚µ‚Ü‚¤ê‡‚ª‚ ‚éB‚»‚Ì‚½‚ßCŽîᇃ}[ƒJ[‚ª³í‚Ìê‡CStage Ⅰ‚ÆStage ⅡAi‰¢•Ăł̕ª—Þ‚Å2 cm –¢–ž‚Ì“]ˆÚj‚Ƃ̊ӕʂ͢“ï‚Èꇂª‚ ‚é8, 9jB

• •”MRI ‚ÍCCT ˆÈã‚Ìî•ñ‚ª“¾‚ç‚ê‚È‚¢‚½‚ßC‘¢‰eÜ‚ªŽg—p‚Å‚«‚È‚¢Š³ŽÒC•úŽËü”픘‚ð‹‘”Û‚·‚銳ŽÒ‚É„§‚³‚ê‚é10, 11jB

FDG-PET ƒXƒLƒƒƒ“‚ÍC‰Šú•aŠúf’f‚̉摜ŒŸ¸–@‚Æ‚µ‚ÄC„§‚³‚ê‚é–¾Šm‚È ƒGƒrƒfƒ“ƒX‚͂Ȃ¢12, 13jB

”]MRI ‚✃Vƒ“ƒ`ƒOƒ‰ƒtƒB‚ÍC‚»‚Ì“]ˆÚ‚ª‹^‚í‚ê‚éꇂâÇ󂪂 ‚éê‡C‚Ü ‚½‚ÍC”ñí‚ɑ傫‚È“]ˆÚ‘ƒ‚⑽‘ŸŠí‚É“]ˆÚ‚ð”F‚ß‚éꇂâCŽîᇃ}[ƒJ[‚ª”ñí ‚É‚’l‚ȂǎîᇂÌis‚ª‚“x‚ÈꇂÉs‚¤14, 15jB

y•¶Œ£z

1j White PM, Howard GC, Best JJ, et al. The role of computed tomographic examination of the pelvis in the management of testicular germ cell tumours. Clin Radiol. 1997G52F124-9.iⅣaj

2j Meyer CA, Conces DJ. Imaging of intrathoracic metastases of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. Chest Surg Clin N Am. 2002G12F717-38.iⅥj

3j White PM, Adamson DJ, Howard GC, et al. Imaging of the thorax in the management of germ cell testicular tumours. Clin Radiol. 1999G54F207-11.iⅣaj

4j Lashley DB, Lowe BA. A rational approach to managing stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous germ cell cancer. Urol Clin North Am. 1998G25F405-23.iⅥj

5j Leibovitch I, Foster RS, Kopecky KK, et al. Identification of clinical stage A nonseminomatous testis cancer patients at extremely low risk for metastatic diseaseFa combined approach using quantitative immunohistochemical, histopathologic, and radiologic assessment. J Clin Oncol. 1998G16F261-8.iⅣaj

6j Barentsz J, Takahashi S, Oyen W, et al. Commonly used imaging techniques for diagnosis and staging. J Clin Oncol. 2006G24F3234-44.iⅥj

7j Sohaib SA, Koh DM, Husband JE. The role of imaging in the diagnosis, staging, and management of testicular cancer. Am J Roentgenol. 2008G191F387-95.iⅥj

8j McLeod DG, Weiss RB, Stablein DM, et al. Staging relationships and outcome in early stage testicular cancerFa report from the Testicular Cancer Intergroup Study. J Urol. 1991G145F1178-83Gdiscussion 1182-3.iⅣaj

9j Leibovitch I, Foster RS, Kopecky KK, et al. Improved accuracy of computerized tomography based clinical staging in low stage nonseminomatous germ cell tumor using size criteria of retroperitoneal lymph nodes. J Urol. 1995G154F1759- 63.iⅣaj

10j Hogeboom WR, Hoekstra HJ, Mooyart EL, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of retroperitoneal lymph node metastases of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis. Eur J Surg Oncol. 1993G19F429-37.iⅤj

11j Sohaib SA, Hoh DM, Barbachano Y, et al. Prospective assessment of MRI for imaging retroperitoneal metastases from testicular germ cell tumours. Clinical Radiology. 2009G64F, 362-7.iⅣbj

12j de Wit M, Brenner W, Hartmann M, et aml. 18Fn-FDG-PET in clinical stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ non-seminomatous germ cell tumoursFresults of the German multicentre trial. Ann Oncol. 2008G19F1619-23.iⅣbj

13j Huddart RA, OfDoherty MJ, Padhani A, et al. 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the prediction of relapse in patients with high-risk, clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous germ cell tumorsFpreliminary report of MRC Trial TE22--the NCRI Testis Tumour Clinical Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2007G25F3090-5.iⅣaj

14j Bokemeyer C, Nowak P, Haupt A, et al. Treatment of brain metastases in patients with testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1997G15F1449-54.iⅣbj

15j Fosså SD, Bokemeyer C, Gerl A, et al. Treatment outcome of patients with brain metastases from malignant germ cell tumors. Cancer. 1999G85F988-97.iⅣbj


Column1

‰»Šw—Ö@ŒãhCG ’l‚ªŠ®‘S‚ɉA«‰»‚µ‚È‚¢ê‡‚Ì’ˆÓ“_

hCG ‘ª’è‚É‚¨‚¯‚é‹U—z«‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍC]—ˆ‚ÍLH ‚Ƃ̌𷔽‰ž‚ª–â‘è‚Æ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½B‚µ‚©‚µCLH ‚Ƃ̌𷫂Ɋւµ‚Ä‚ÍChCG ‚ɑ΂·‚é“ÁˆÙ«‚Ì‚‚¢R ‘Ì‚ª—p‚¢‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éŋ߂̑ª’è–@‚ł͖â‘è‚ɂȂè‚É‚­‚¢‚Æ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éBˆê•û‚ÅÅ‹ßC‰»Šw—Ö@Ž{s’†CŽ{sŒã‚É‚•p“x‚ÉŒ©‚ç‚ê‚鸑ƒ‹@”\•s‘Só‘Ô‚Å‚ÍC‰º‚‘Ì‚æ‚èhCG ‚ªŽY¶‚³‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚í‚©‚Á‚Ä‚«‚½B

‚±‚̉º‚‘ÌhCG ‚ÍCŋ߂̑ª’è–@‚Å‚à‹U—z«‚ÌŒ´ˆö‚ƂȂ肦‚é1jB“Á‚ÉC‰»Šw—Ö@Ž{s’†‚ÉhCG ‚ÌŒ¸Š‚ª’á’l‚È‚ª‚ç‚àƒvƒ‰ƒg[‚ƂȂÁ‚½ê‡‚ɂ͒ˆÓ‚ª•K—v‚Å‚ ‚éBŽîᇗR—ˆ‚Ì^‚ÌhCG ‚Ƃ̊ӕʂɂÍCƒeƒXƒgƒXƒeƒƒ“•‰‰×ƒeƒXƒg‚ª—L—p‚Å‚ ‚é1, 2jB

y•¶Œ£z

1j Gilligan TD, Seidenfeld J, Basch EM, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology. American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline on uses of serum tumor markers in adult males with germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2010G28F3388-404.

2j Hoshi S, Suzuki K, Ishidoya S, et al. Significance of simultaneous determination of serum human chorionic gonadotropinihCGjand hCG-beta in testicular tumor patients. Int J Urol. 2000G7F218-23.iⅣbj


CQ 5

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„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒh

A
ƒ¿-‘ÙŽ™«ƒ^ƒ“ƒpƒNialpha-fetoproteinFAFPj‚¨‚æ‚уqƒgãO–Ñ««‘BŽhŒƒƒzƒ‹ƒ‚ƒ“ihuman chorionic gonadotropinFhCGj‚ÍCãó×–EŽîᇂÌf’f‚¨‚æ‚ÑŽ¡—Â̌ø‰Ê”»’è‚É•K{‚Å‚ ‚éB

„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒh

B
AFP •ª‰æiAFP-L3j‚ÍCŽž‚É•a¨‚𔽉f‚µCŽQl‚ɂȂéB

„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒh

A
“ûŽ_’E…‘fy‘filactic dehydrogenaseFLDHj‚ÍC¸‘ƒŽîᇂɓÁˆÙ“I‚ł͂Ȃ¢‚ªC—z«—¦‚Í‚‚­C“Á‚ɃZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚ł͗L—p‚Å‚ ‚éB‚Ü‚½CIGCCC ‚Ì”»’è‚É•K{‚Å‚ ‚éB
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¸‘ƒŽîᇂ̎îᇃ}[ƒJ[‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÌAFPChCGCLDH ‚Ìd—v«‚ÍŠm—§‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¨‚èC1997 ”N‚ÉIGCCCiInternational Germ Cell Concensus Classificationj‚ª•ñ‚³‚ê‚ĈȗˆC•aŠúf’fCŽ¡—ÃŒø‰Ê”»’èCŒo‰ßŠÏŽ@‚É•K{‚È‚à‚̂ƂȂÁ‚Ä‚¢‚é1jB‚±‚ÌIGCCC ‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŽîᇃ}[ƒJ[‚Ì•]‰¿ŽžŠú‚͉fŽž‚Æl‚¦‚ª‚¿‚Å‚ ‚邪C¸‘ƒ“EœŒãi‰»Šw—Ö@‘Oj‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Ƃɗ¯ˆÓ‚·‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚éB‚³‚ÄC‘S¸‘ƒŽîᇂ̂¤‚¿–ñ50“‚Í1 ‚‚Ȃ¢‚µ2 ‚‚̎îᇃ}[ƒJ[‚ªã¸‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邯•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é2, 3jB‚±‚ê‚ç3 Ží—ނ̃}[ƒJ[‚ÍC“]ˆÚ‚ð—L‚·‚é”ñƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚Å‚ÍC“Á‚ÉŽ¡—ÃŒã‚ÌÄ”­‚̉Šú’¥Œó‚ƂȂ肤‚邽‚ßd—v‚Å‚ ‚éB

LDH ‚ðAFP ‚âhCG ‚Æ”äŠr‚·‚邯C¸‘ƒŽîᇂɎ¾Š³“ÁˆÙ«‚ª‚ ‚é‚킯‚ł͂Ȃ¢‚ªCisŠà‚âÄ”­‚ÌÇ—á‚Å㸂ªŒ©‚ç‚ê‚邽‚߂ɗL—p‚Æl‚¦‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é4jBŠÌ޾г‚Ȃǂ̑¼Ž¾Š³‚Å‚à㸂µ‚¤‚邽‚ßC‚»‚̉ðŽß‚ɂ͒ˆÓ‚ª•K—v‚Å‚ ‚éBVenkitaraman ‚ç‚Í499 –¼‚ÌStage Ⅰ¸‘ƒŽîᇂ̌o‰ßŠÏŽ@‚Å‚ÌLDH ‘ª’è‚̈Ӌ`‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄŒŸ“¢‚µ‚½4jB‚»‚ÌŒ‹‰ÊCÄ”­Š³ŽÒ15 –¼’†6 –¼‚ÉLDH 㸂ð”F‚ß‚½‚ªCŽ‘±“I‚È‹U—z«‚ª9.1“‚ÉŒ©‚ç‚êCŒ‹‰Ê“I‚ÉŠ´“x‚Í40“C“ÁˆÙ“x‚Í90.5“Cpositive predictive value ‚Í12.8“‚Å‚ ‚èCŒo‰ßŠÏŽ@’†‚ÌLDH ‘ª’è‚Í—L—p‚Å‚ ‚邪C‚»‚̉ðŽß‚ɂ͒ˆÓ‚ð—v‚·‚邯•ñ‚µ‚½4jB

AFP ‚Í‚¢‚¸‚ê‚ÌStage ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚à‘ÙŽ™«Šà‚â—‘‰©囊ŽîᇂÅ㸂·‚邪CŠÌ޾г‚Å‚à㸂·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚ ‚éBAFP ‚Í”ñƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚Ì50-70“‚Å㸂·‚邯•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éBBeck ‚ç‚Í779 –¼‚Ì”ñƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}гŽÒ‚ÅCŒã•ûŽ‹“I‚ɸ‘ƒ“Eœp‘O‚ÌŒŒ´’†‚ÌAFP ’l‚ƃÀ-hCG ’l‚¨‚æ‚ÑŽîᇌa‚ªŒã• –ŒƒŠƒ“ƒpߊs´‚Ì•a—Šw“I•aŠú‚ð—\‘ª‚Å‚«‚é‚©‚ðŒŸ“¢‚µ‚½‚Æ‚±‚ëCp‘OƒÀ-hCG ’l‚ÆŽîᇌa‚Í—\‘ª‚Å‚«‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚ªCp‘OAFP ’l‚͌㕠–ŒƒŠƒ“ƒp߂ł̕a—Šw“I•aŠú‚ð—\‘ª‚Å‚«‚½‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚½5jBAFP ‚ÌŒŒ’†”¼Œ¸Šú‚Í5-7 “ú‚Å‚ ‚èCŒÂX‚ÌÇ—á‚ÌAFP ’l‚Ì”¼Œ¸Šú‚ðŒvŽZ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ÅC¸‘ƒŽîᇂ̎c‘¶‚Ì—L–³‚ð”»’è‚·‚éÛ‚ÌŽQl‚ƂȂéBŽž‚ÉC•a—Šw“I‚Épure seminoma ‚Æf’f‚³‚ê‚Ä‚àAFP ‚ªã¸‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚ ‚éB‚»‚̂悤‚ÈꇂÍCŒŸo‚Å‚«‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢”ñƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}¬•ª‚ª‘¶Ý‚·‚邯l‚¦‚ç‚ê‚éB

‚Ü‚½CŽ¡—ÃŒã‚ÉAFP ‚ªŒy“x㸂µ‚Ä‚¢‚éꇂª‚ ‚èCŽc‘¶Žîᇂ̗L–³‚Ì”»’f‚É–À‚¤ê‡‚ª‚ ‚éB‚»‚ÌꇂÍCAFP •ª‰æ‚Ì‚¤‚¿AFP-L3 ‚𑪒肷‚邱‚Æ‚âƒRƒ“ƒJƒiƒoƒŠƒ“A Œ‹‡AFP ”ä‚𑪒肷‚邱‚Æ‚ÅCŠÌ޾г“™‚©‚çŠÓ•Ê‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‰Â”\‚Æ•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é6, 7jB

hCG ‚̓¿½‚ƃÀ½‚©‚ç‚È‚éB’Êí‚Í”ñƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚Ì40-60“‚Å㸂·‚邪CAFP ‚Æ“¯—l‚ɃZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚Æf’f‚³‚ꂽꇂłà㸂·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚ ‚éBhCG ‚Ì‘ª’è‚ɂ͂¢‚ë‚¢‚ë‚ȃLƒbƒg‚ª‘¶Ý‚·‚é‚Ì‚ÅC‚»‚Ì•]‰¿‚ɂ͒ˆÓ‚ª•K—v‚Å‚ ‚é8jB‚·‚Ȃ킿C‚킪‘‚Å‚ÍhCG ‚̃À½‚Ì‘ª’è‚É‚Ífree ƒÀ-hCG ‚Ì‘¼‚Étotal ƒÀ-hCG ‚âtotal HCG ‚ª‚ ‚èC‚Ü‚½free ƒÀ-hCG ‚𑪒肵‚È‚¢intact hCG ‚ª‚ ‚éBfree ƒÀ-hCG ‚݂̂𑪒肷‚éƒLƒbƒg‚ÍIGCC •ª—Þ‚ÉŽg—p‚Å‚«‚È‚¢‚½‚ßC‘ª’èƒLƒbƒg‚Ì’PˆÊ‚ªmIU/mL ‚̃Lƒbƒg‚ð—p‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ª•K—v‚Å‚ ‚éB‚½‚¾‚µCŽ¡—ÃŒo‰ß‚ðŠÏŽ@‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚­ã‚Å‚ÍCtotal ƒÀ-hCG ‚àfree ƒÀ-hCG ‚à‚»‚ꂼ‚êŽîᇃ}[ƒJ[‚Æ‚µ‚Ä•a¨•]‰¿‚É—L—p‚Å‚ ‚邯‚¢‚¤•ñ‚à‚ ‚è9, 10j“¯ˆêƒLƒbƒg‚ðŒp‘±“I‚ÉŽg—p‚µ‚ÄŒo‰ßŠÏŽ@‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ªd—v‚Å‚ ‚éBiƒRƒ‰ƒ€2 ŽQÆj

‚»‚Ì‘¼‚ÌŽîᇃ}[ƒJ[‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍC‘Ù”Õ«ƒAƒ‹ƒJƒŠƒtƒHƒXƒtƒ@ƒ^[ƒ[iPLAPj11jC‚ªpure seminoma ‚ÌŒo‰ßŠÏŽ@‚É—L—p‚Èꇂª‚ ‚èC•K—v‚ɉž‚¶‚Ä‘ª’è‚·‚ׂ«‚ÆEAU ‚̃KƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“‚ɂ͋L‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é12jB‚Ü‚½C”’l‚É‘½‚¢¸‘ƒCIS ‚̃}[ƒJ[‚Æ‚µ‚Ästem cell factoric-kit ligandj‚âOCT3/4 ‚ª—L—p‚Æ‚¢‚¤•ñ13j‚âGlypican 314jzŠÂŒŒ’†‚Ìmitochodrial DNA15j‚ª¸‘ƒŽîᇂ̃}[ƒJ[‚Æ‚µ‚Ä—L—p‚Æ‚¢‚¤•ñ‚à‚ ‚邪C‚¢‚¸‚ê‚à‚»‚Ì—LŒø«‚ÍŠm—§‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B

y•¶Œ£z

1j J Clin Oncol. International Germ Cell Consensus ClassificationFa prognostic factor-based staging system for metastatic germ cell cancers. International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group. J Clin Oncol. 1997G15F594-603.iⅤj

2j Wanderås EH, Tretli S, Fosså SD. Trends in incidence of testicular cancer in Norway 1955-1992. Eur J Cancer. 1995G31AF2044-8.iⅢj

3j Germa-Lluch JR, Garcia del Muro X, Maroto P, et al. Spanish Germ-Cell Cancer GroupiGGj. Clinical pattern and therapeutic results achieved in 1490 patients with germ-cell tumours of the testisFthe experience of the Spanish Germ-Cell Cancer GroupiGGj. Eur Urol. 2002G42F553-62.iⅢj

4j Venkitaraman R, Johnson B, Huddart RA, et al. The utility of lactate dehydrogenase in the follow-up of testicular germ cell tumours. BJU Int, 2007G100F30-2.iⅣbj

5j Beck SD, Foster RS, Bihrle R, et al. Significance of primary tumor size and preorchiectomy serum tumor marker level in predicting pathologic stage at retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in clinical stage S nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. Urology, 2007G69F557-9.iⅣbj

6j Kamoto T, Satomura S, Yoshiki T, et al. Lectin-reactive alpha-fetoproteiniAFP-L3“jcurability and prediction of clinical course after treatment of non-seminomatous germ cell tumors. Jpn J Clin Oncol, 2002G32F472-6.iⅣbj

7j Mora J, Gascon N, Tabernero JM, et al. Alpha-fetoprotein-concanavalin A binding as a marker to discriminate between germ cell tumours and liver diseases. Eur J Cancer, 1995G31AF2239-42.iⅣbj

8j “ú–{”å”AŠí‰ÈŠw‰ïE“ú–{•a—Šw‰ï•ÒD¸‘ƒŽîᇎ戵‚¢‹K–ñi‘æ3 ”ÅjD‹àŒ´o”Åi“Œ‹žjG2005D

9j Lempi ä inen A, Stenman UH, Blomqvist C, et al. Free beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin in serum is a diagnostically sensitive marker of seminomatous testicular cancer. Clin Chem, 2008G54F1840-3.iⅣbj

10j Hoshi S, Suzuki K, Ishidoya S, et al. Significance of simultaneous determination of serum human chorionic gonadotropinihCGjand hCG-beta in testicular tumor patients. Int J Urol, 2000G7F218-23.iⅣbj

11j Torabi-Pour N, Nouri AM, Chineguwndo F, et al. Standardization and potential use of HPLC for detection of cellular placental alkaline phosphatase using tumor cell lines and fresh tumour biopsies. Urol Int, 1999G63F234-41.iⅣbj

12j Albers P, Albrecht W, Algaba F, et alFGuidelines on Testicular Cancer. European Association of Urology. 2012F7-7.

13j Stoop H, Honecker F, van de Geijin GJ, et al. Stem cell factor as a novel diagnostic marker for early malignant germ cells. J Pathol, 2008G216F43-54.iⅣbj

14j Zynger DL, MaCallum JC, Luan C, et al. Glypican 3 has a higher sensitivity than alpha-fetoprotein for testicular and ovarian yolk sac tumorFimmunohistochemical investigation with analysis of histological growth patterns. Histopathol, 2010G56F750-7.iⅣbj

15j Ellinger J, Albers P, Muller SC, et al. Circulating mitochondrial DNA in the serum of patients with testicular germ cell cancer as a novel noninvasive diagnostic marker. BJU Int, 2009G104F48-52.iⅣbj


Column2

hCG ‘ª’è‚É‚ÍmIU/mL •\‹L‚Ì‚à‚Ì‚ð—p‚¢‚é

hCG ‘ª’èƒLƒbƒg‚É‚ÍCŽŸ‚̂悤‚ÉŽíX‚̃Lƒbƒg‚ª‚ ‚éB

  1. intact hCGFƒ¿½‚ƃÀ½‚ªŒ‹‡‚µ‚½ó‘Ô‚Ìintact hCG ‚݂̂𑪒肷‚éƒLƒbƒg
  2. free ƒÀ-hCGFƒ¿½‚Ɖ𗣂µ‚ăÀ½‚݂̂ő¶Ý‚·‚éfree ƒÀ-hCG ‚݂̂𑪒肷‚éƒLƒbƒg
  3. total hCGFintact hCG ‚Æfree ƒÀ-hCG ‚¨‚æ‚Ñ‚»‚Ì‘¼‚ÌhCG ŠÖ˜A•ªŽq‚ðŠÜ‚Þtotal hCG ‚𑪒肷‚éƒLƒbƒg

Å‚à’ˆÓ‚·‚ׂ«‚±‚Æ‚ÍCfree ƒÀ-hCG ‚Íng/mL ’PˆÊ‚Å•\‹L‚³‚êC‚±‚Ìfree ƒÀhCG ’l‚©‚çIGCCCG •ª—Þ‚Å—p‚¢‚ç‚ê‚émIU/mL ‚Ö‚ÌŠ·ŽZ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢‚±‚Ƃł ‚éB‚±‚Ì‚½‚ßC‰»Šw—Ö@ŠJŽn‘O‚Éfree ƒÀ-hCG ‚݂̂µ‚©‘ª’肵‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢ê‡‚ÍC—˜_ãCIGCCCG •ª—Þ‚ð—p‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B“Á‚ÉCng/mL ’PˆÊ‚Å•\‹L‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éꇂ͒ˆÓ‚ð—v‚·‚éB

Œ»ó‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄCintact hCG ‚Ætotal hCG ‚̂ǂ¿‚炪—L—p‚©‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍC–¾Šm‚ȃf[ƒ^‚͂Ȃ¢BƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚Åintact hCG ‚ÌŽY¶”\‚ª’á‚­Cfree ƒÀ-hCG ‚݂̂ðŽY¶‚·‚éǗႪ‚ ‚èC‚»‚̈Ӗ¡‚Å‚Ífree ƒÀ-hCG ‚ð‡‚킹‚Ä‘ª’è‚·‚étotal hCG ‚ÌŠ´“x‚ª‚æ‚è‚‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ªŠú‘Ò‚³‚ê‚éB

ãó×–EŽîˆÈŠO‚ÌŠàŽî‚Å‚àC’á’l‚È‚ª‚çfree ƒÀ-hCG ‚ðŽY¶‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¨‚è1jC‚»‚̈Ӗ¡‚Å‚ÍCtotal hCG ‚Ìãó×–EŽî“ÁˆÙ«‚Íintact hCG ‚æ‚è’á‚¢‚Æl‚¦‚ç‚ê‚éB‚»‚Ì‚½‚ßCburned out Ç—á‚â«‘BŠOãó×–EÇ—á‚ŶŒŸ‚É‚æ‚é‘gDf’f‚ª¢“ï‚È‚½‚ßChCG ‘ª’è’l‚݂̂Åãó×–EŽî‚Ì—Õ°f’f‚ðs‚¤ê‡‚ÍCintact hCG ‚Ætotal hCG ‚ ‚é‚¢‚Íintact hCG ‚Æfree ƒÀ-hCG ‚Ȃǂ̕¡”‚Ì‘ª’è–@‚ÅŠm”F‚µ‚Ä‚¨‚­‚±‚Æ‚ª–]‚Ü‚µ‚¢B

»‘¢Œ³ ŽŽ–ò–¼ Žg—p‹@Ší–¼ ‘ª’è”ÍˆÍ ‘ª’è‘ÎÛ ‘ª’茟‘Ì
intact
HCG
total
HCG
free ƒÀ ŒŒ´/
ŒŒŸ÷
”A
ƒƒVƒ…
ƒ_ƒCƒAƒOƒmƒXƒeƒBƒNƒX
ƒGƒNƒ‹[ƒVƒXŽŽ–ò
HCG‡U@STAT
ƒRƒoƒX/
ƒGƒNƒ‹[ƒVƒX
0.5`10,000
   
ƒGƒNƒ‹[ƒVƒXŽŽ–òHCG{β 0.1`10,000    
“Œƒ\[ E ƒeƒXƒguTOSOHvⅡ
iƒÀHCGj
AIA 0.5`400
 
 
E ƒeƒXƒguTOSOHvⅡ
iHCG‡Uj
ŒŒ‰tF0.5`2,000
”AF2.5`10,000
   
ƒV[ƒƒ“ƒXƒwƒ‹ƒXƒPƒA
ƒ_ƒCƒAƒOƒmƒXƒeƒBƒNƒX
ƒPƒ~ƒ‹ƒ~ACS-HCG‡U ADVIA
Centaur
2.0`1000      
ƒAƒ{ƒbƒg ƒA[ƒLƒeƒNƒgEƒÀHCG
ƒA[ƒLƒeƒNƒg
1.2`15,000
 
 
 
βHCGEƒAƒ{ƒbƒg ƒAƒLƒVƒ€ 2`1000      
•xŽmƒŒƒr ƒIƒ‹ƒ~ƒpƒ‹ƒX@ƒÀHCG ƒ‹ƒ~ƒpƒ‹ƒX 1.5`1,000      
ƒVƒXƒƒbƒNƒXE
ƒrƒIƒƒŠƒ…[
ƒoƒCƒ_ƒXƒAƒbƒZƒCƒLƒbƒg
HCG
ƒoƒCƒ_ƒX 2`1500    
“ú…»–ò ƒGƒoƒeƒXƒgHCG ƒGƒoƒlƒbƒg
EV20
2`1000    
ƒI[ƒ\ƒNƒŠƒjƒJƒ‹
ƒ_ƒCƒAƒOƒmƒXƒeƒBƒNƒX
ƒrƒgƒƒXHCG‡U ƒrƒgƒƒX 2.39`15,000      
ŽO•H‰»ŠwƒƒfƒBƒGƒ“ƒX ƒpƒXƒtƒ@[ƒXƒgHCG ƒpƒXƒtƒ@[ƒXƒg 5`500    
»‘¢Œ³ ŽŽ–ò–¼ Žg—p‹@Ší–¼ ‘ª’è”͈Í
ing/mLj
intact
HCG
total
HCG;
free ƒÀ ŒŒ´/
ŒŒŸ÷
”A
ƒV[ƒƒ“ƒXƒwƒ‹ƒXƒPƒA
ƒ_ƒCƒAƒOƒmƒXƒeƒBƒNƒX
ƒV[ƒƒ“ƒXEƒCƒ€ƒ‰ƒCƒY
ƒtƒŠ[ƒÀHCG‡Ui–j
ƒCƒ€ƒ‰ƒCƒY 0.04`80      
ƒZƒeƒB[E
ƒƒfƒBƒJƒ‹ƒ‰ƒ{
ƒ{[ƒ‹ƒGƒ‹ƒUi–j —pŽè–@ 0.1`50  

–‰º‚Ì2 ’i‚̃Lƒbƒg‚Í‘ª’茋‰Ê‚ªung/mLv‚Å•\ަ‚³‚ê‚éB‚±‚ê‚ç‚̃Lƒbƒg‚݂̂őª’è‚·‚邱‚Æ‚Í”ð‚¯‚é‚ׂ«

y•¶Œ£z

1j Marcillac I, Troalen F, Bidart JM, et al. Free human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit in gonadal and nongonadal neoplasms. Cancer Res. 1992G52F3901-7.


CQ 6

œIGCCCiInternational Germ Cell Consensus Classificationj‚Í—\Œã—\‘ª‚É—L—p‚©H


„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒh

A
IGCCC ‚ÍCis«¸‘ƒŽîᇂ̗\Œã‚¨‚æ‚ÑŽ¡—Ö@‚ðŒˆ’è‚·‚邽‚ß‚ÉC•K—v•s‰ÂŒ‡‚Å‚ ‚éB
‚½‚¾‚µCŋ߂̌Ÿ“¢‚Å‚Ípoor prognosis ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚Ä‚àC—\Œã‰ü‘P‚ÌŒXŒü‚ª‚ ‚éB‚Ü‚½CƒTƒ‹ƒx[ƒW‰»Šw—Ö@Žž‚ÌV‚µ‚¢—\Œã—\‘ªƒ‚ƒfƒ‹‚Ì\’z‚ª‹ß”NŽŽ‚Ý‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
y‰ð àz

1997 ”N‚ÉIGCCCG ‚©‚çCIGCCCi•t•\2 ŽQÆj‚ª•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ĉȗˆ1jCis«¸‘ƒŽîᇂÍCIGCCC ‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä“±“ü‰»Šw—Ö@‚Ì‘I‘ð‚⎡—Õûj‚ÌŒˆ’肪‚È‚³‚ê‚邿‚¤‚ɂȂèCIGCCC ‚Ì—L—p«‚ɂ‚¢‚Ă͋^‚¤—]’n‚͂Ȃ¢B‚µ‚©‚µCIGCCC ‚ª•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚©‚ç15 ”NˆÈオŒo‰ß‚µCŽ¡—Ö@‚Ìi•à‚âÇ—á‚ÌW–ñ‚É‚æ‚èCŒ»ó‚Ƃ̂¸‚ꂪ¶‚¶‚Ä‚¢‚éB‚»‚Ì‚½‚ßCIGCCC ‚Ì—LŒø«‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÌÄŒŸ“¢‚ª‚È‚³‚êC“Á‚Époor prognosis ‚ðƒTƒuƒOƒ‹[ƒv‰»‚µC‚æ‚è—\Œã‚𔽉f‚·‚鎎‚Ý‚ª‚È‚³‚ꂽB

Dijk ‚ç‚ÍC1989 ”NˆÈ~‚ÌÇ—á‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‹LÚ‚³‚ꂽ10 ˜_•¶‚ðŒŸ“¢‚µC1,775 —á‚ÌNSGCTinon-seminomatous germ cell tumorj‚ɂ‚¢‚Ämeta-analysis ‚ðs‚Á‚½B‚»‚ÌŒ‹‰ÊCgood prognosisCintermediate prognosisCpoor prognosis ‚ÌŠeŒQ‚Ì—\Œã‚ªC94“C83“C71“‚Å‚ ‚èC‹ß”N‚̉»Šw—Ö@‚Ìi•à‚É‚æ‚époor prognosis ‚Ì—\Œã‰ü‘P‚ª’˜‚µ‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ðŽ¦‚µ‚½2jB–{–M‚Å‚à‘½Ž{Ý‹¤“¯Œ¤‹†‚ªs‚í‚êC296 —á‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄŒŸ“¢‚ª‚È‚³‚êCIGCCC poor prognosis ‚Ì—\Œã‰ü‘P‚ª’˜‚µ‚¢Œ‹‰Ê‚ð•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é3jBƒTƒuƒOƒ‹[ƒv‰ð͂łÍCDijk ‚ç‚ÍCIGCCC ‚Ì–â‘è“_‚Æ‚µ‚ÄC—p‚¢‚½riskfactor ‚ð‹“‚°‚Ä‚¢‚éBIGCCCG ‚©‚ç’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ꂽ3,048 —á‚ÌNSGCT ‚̃f[ƒ^‚ðCox regression model ‚ð—p‚¢‚ĉðÍ‚µCIGCCC ‚ðã‰ñ‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚ªCpoor prognosis ‚Å‚Í3 ƒOƒ‹[ƒv‚Éוª‰»‚ª‰Â”\‚Å‚ ‚èCŒv5 ‚‚Ìrisk group ‚É•ª—Þ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ÅC‚æ‚è—\Œã‚𔽉f‚·‚邯‚µ‚½4jB

‚Ü‚½CKollmannsberger ‚ç‚ÍC332 —á‚Ìpoor prognosis ŒQ‚ðCARTiclassification and regression-treejanalysis ‚ð—p‚¢‚ÄŒŸ“¢‚µ‚½B‚±‚̉ð͂łÍC¸‘ƒ‚Ü‚½‚͌㕠–ŒŒ´”­‚©cŠuŒ´”­‚©C”xˆÈŠO‚ÌŽÀŽ¿‘ŸŠí“]ˆÚ‚Ì—L–³CŒã• –Œ“]ˆÚ‘ƒ‚ª10 cm –¢–ž‚©”Û‚©C“]ˆÚ‘ƒ‚Ì”CAFPChCG-ƒÀCLDH ‚Ì’l‚ðrisk factor ‚Æ‚µ‚Ä—p‚¢Cgvery poorhŒQ‚𓯒肷‚邱‚Æ‚ª‰Â”\‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚½5jB

‚Ü‚½CInternational prognostic factors study group ‚̓VƒXƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒ“ƒx[ƒX‚Ì1st line ‰»Šw—Ö@Œã‚Ì’ïR—áC‚Ü‚½‚ÍÄ”­—á‚ŃTƒ‹ƒx[ƒW‰»Šw—Ö@‚ðŽ{s‚µ‚½1,594 —á‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŒã•ûŽ‹“I‚ɃTƒ‹ƒx[ƒW‰»Šw—Ö@Ž{sŽž‚ÌV‚µ‚¢—\Œã—\‘ªƒ‚ƒfƒ‹‚Ì\’z‚ðŽŽ‚Ý‚½6jBƒpƒ‰ƒ[ƒ^‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŒ´”­•”ˆÊC1st line ‰»Šw—Ö@‚̃ŒƒXƒ|ƒ“ƒXCÄ”­‚܂ł̊úŠÔCƒTƒ‹ƒx[ƒW‰»Šw—Ö@‘O‚ÌAFP ’lCHCG ’lCŠÌEœE”]“]ˆÚ‚Ì—L–³Cpure seminoma ‚©”Û‚©‚ðƒXƒRƒA‰»‚µCvery lowClowCintermediateChighCvery high ‚Ì5 ŒQ‚É•ª‚¯‚é•û–@‚ð’ñ¥‚µ‚½i•t•\3 ŽQÆjB¡ŒãC‚±‚Ì•ª—Þ‚É‚æ‚èƒTƒ‹ƒx[ƒWŽž“_‚ł̗\Œã—\‘ªCƒTƒ‹ƒx[ƒWŽ¡—Â̕]‰¿‚ªs‚í‚ê‚é‰Â”\«‚à‚ ‚éB

IGCCC ‚ÍŒ»Ý‚Å‚à”ñí‚É—L—p‚Å‚ ‚èC—\Œã‚ð‚æ‚­”½‰f‚·‚邪C¡Œãpoor prognosis ‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍCƒTƒuƒOƒ‹[ƒv‰»‚µ‚½‚¤‚¦‚ÅCŽ¡—Õûj‚Ì•ÏX‚Ȃǂðl—¶‚µ‚Ä‚à‚æ‚¢‚Æl‚¦‚ç‚ê‚éB

y•¶Œ£z

1j J Clin Oncol. International Germ Cell Consensus ClassificationFa prognostic factor-based staging system for metastatic germ cell cancers. International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group.1997G15F594-603.iⅤj

2j van Dijk MR, Steyerberg EW, Habbema JD. Survival of non-seminomatous germ cell cancer patients according to the IGCC classificationFAn update based on meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer. 2006G42i7jF820-6.iⅠj

3j Shintaku I, Satoh M, Okajima E, et al. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2008G38i4jF281-7.iⅣbj

4j van Dijk MR, Steyerberg EW, Stenning SP, et al. Survival of patients with nonseminomatous germ cell cancerFa review of the IGCC classification by Cox regression and recursive partitioning. Br J Cancer. 2004G90F1176-83.iⅣaj

5j Kollmannsberger C, Nichols C, Meisner C, et al. Identification of prognostic subgroups among patients with metastaticeIGCCCG poor-prognosisfgerm-cell cancerFan explorative analysis using cart modeling. Ann Oncol. 2000G11F1115-20.iⅣaj

6j The international prognostic factors study group, Lorch A, Beyer J, et al. Prognostic factors in patients with metastatic germ cell tumors who experienced treatment failure with cisplatin-based first-line chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2010G28F594-603.iⅣbj


CQ 7

œStage Ⅰ‚̃Zƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄpŒã•╎¡—Â̈́§‚³‚ê‚é‚©H


„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒh

B
Stage ⅠƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚ɑ΂µC‚ˆÊ¸‘ƒ“EœpŒã‚ÉŒo‰ßŠÏŽ@iƒT[ƒxƒCƒ‰ƒ“ƒXj‚ª‘I‘ð‚³‚ê‚½ê‡CÄ”­—¦‚Í15-20“‚Å‚ ‚éB‚µ‚©‚µCÄ”­‚µ‚½ê‡‚Å‚à‚Ù‚Ú98-99“‚ÍŽ¡–ü‰Â”\‚Å‚ ‚èCpŒã•╗Ö@‚É‚æ‚é•s•K—v‚ÈŽ¡—Â╛ì—p‚ð”ð‚¯‚ç‚ê‚é‚Ì‚ÅCŒo‰ßŠÏŽ@‚Í„§‚Å‚«‚éB

„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒh

B
pŒã•úŽËüŽ¡—ÂÍÄ”­—¦‚ð–ñ5“ˆÈ‰º‚ɒቺ‚³‚¹‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«CŒo‰ßŠÏŽ@‚ª‘I‘ð‚³‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½ê‡‚Ì‘I‘ðŽˆ‚Æ‚µ‚Ä„§‚Å‚«‚éB‚µ‚©‚µC“ñŽŸŠà”­¶‚Ȃǂ̒·Šú“I‚È–â‘肪‚ ‚éB

„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒh

B
ƒJƒ‹ƒ{ƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒ“’P܂ɂæ‚é•╉»Šw—Ö@‚ÍÄ”­—¦‚ð–ñ5“ˆÈ‰º‚ɒቺ‚³‚¹‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«CÄ”­—\–hŒø‰Ê‚Í•úŽËüŽ¡—ÂƓ¯“™‚ÅCŒo‰ßŠÏŽ@‚ª‘I‘ð‚³‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½ê‡‚Ì‘I‘ðŽˆ‚Æ‚µ‚Ä„§‚Å‚«‚éBˆÀ‘S«‚àŠm—§‚³‚ê‚‚‚ ‚邪C10 ”NˆÈã‚ɂ킽‚é‘å‹K–͂Ȓ·Šú¬Ñ‚Í“¾‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
y‰ð àz

ƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚Ì–ñ75“‚Í“]ˆÚ‚ð—L‚³‚È‚¢Stage Ⅰ‚̃Œƒxƒ‹‚Åf’f‚³‚ê‚é1jBStage Ⅰ‚̸‘ƒŽîᇂɑ΂µ‚Ă̂ˆÊ¸‘ƒ“EœpŒã‚̃IƒvƒVƒ‡ƒ“‚Æ‚µ‚ÄC①Œo‰ßŠÏŽ@C②•â••úŽËü—Ö@C③1 ‚Ü‚½‚Í2 ƒR[ƒX‚̕╃Jƒ‹ƒ{ƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒ“—Ö@‚Æ‚¢‚¤3 ‚‚̑I‘ðŽˆ‚ª‚ ‚éB3 ‚‚̑I‘ðŽˆ‚Ì‚Ç‚ê‚ð‘I‚ñ‚Å‚àCÅI“I‚ɂ͎¾Š³“ÁˆÙ“I¶‘¶—¦‚͂قÚ98-99“‚É‹y‚Ô2-5jB‚µ‚½‚ª‚Á‚ÄCStage Ⅰ‚̃Zƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚ɑ΂·‚鎡—Õûj‚ÍC’ZŠú“I‚É‚à’·Šú“I‚É‚àNP‚Ì­‚È‚¢Ž¡—Âð‘I‘ð‚·‚é‚©‚ªÅ“_‚Å‚ ‚éB•ûj‘I‘ð‚É‚ ‚½‚Á‚Ä‚ÍCŠe‘I‘ðŽˆ‚Ì—Õ°ƒf[ƒ^‚ð\•ª”z—¶‚·‚é•K—v‚ª‚ ‚éB

①Œo‰ßŠÏŽ@‚ð‘I‘ð‚µ‚½ê‡

Ä”­—¦i‘Α¤¸‘ƒŽîᇔ­¶‚Íde novo ‚Æ‚µ‚Ċ܂߂Ȃ¢ê‡j‚ÍCŒo‰ßŠÏŽ@ŠúŠÔ‚É‚à‚æ‚邪C13-20“‚Å‚ ‚é2-5, 7, 8jBÄ”­‚Ì–ñ7 Š„‚Í2 ”NˆÈ“à‚É‹N‚±‚èCÄ”­‚܂ł̒†‰›’l‚Í14-16 ƒJŒŽ‚Å‚ ‚é2, 8jB‚µ‚©‚µC6.6“‚ÌÄ”­‚Í6 ”NˆÈ~‚É‹N‚±‚è3jC10 ”NˆÈ~‚ÌÄ”­‚à‚ ‚肤‚éBŒo‰ßŠÏŽ@‚Å‚ÌÄ”­•”ˆÊ‚Ì80-100“‚ª• •”‚Ì–T‘å“®–¬—̈æ‚Å‚ ‚é2, 7, 8jB‚µ‚©‚µCÄ”­Œã‚àÄ”­Žž‚ÌStage ‚ɉž‚¶‚½“K؂Ȏ¡—ªs‚í‚ê‚ê‚ÎCŽ¡—Ê֘AŽ€‚àŠÜ‚߂ĂàC¸‘ƒŽîᇊ֘AŽ€‚Í1“’ö“x‚Å‚ ‚é2-5, 7, 8jB

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y•¶Œ£z

1j van As NJ, Gilbert DC, Money-Kyrle J, et al. Evidence-based pragmatic guidelines for the follow-up of testicular cancerFoptimising the detection of relapse. Br J Cancer. 2008G98F1894-902.

2j von der Maase H, Specht L, Jacobsen GK, et al. Surveillance following orchidectomy for stage Ⅰ seminoma of the testis. Eur J Cancer. 1993G29AF1931-4.iⅣaj

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5j Kamba T, Kamoto T, Okubo K, et al. Outcome of different post-orchiectomy management for stage Ⅰ seminomaFJapanese multi-institutional study including 425 patients. Int J Urol. 2010G17F980-7.iⅣaj

6j Mead GM, Fosså SD, Oliver RT, et al. Randomized trials in 2466 patients with stage Ⅰ seminomaFpatterns of relapse and follow-up. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011G103F241-9.iⅡj

7j Horwich A, Alsanjari N, AfHern R, et al. Surveillance following orchidectomy for stage Ⅰ testicular seminoma. Br J Cancer. 1992G65F775-8.iⅣaj

8j Cummins S, Yau T, Huddart R, et al. Surveillance in stage Ⅰ seminoma patientsFa long-term assessment. Eur Urol. 2010G57F673-8.iⅣaj

9j Aparicio J, Germa JR, Garcia del Muro X, et al. Risk-adapted management for patients with clinical stage Ⅰ seminomaFthe Second Spanish Germ Cell Cancer Cooperative Group study. J Clin Oncol. 2005G23F8717-8723.iⅣaj

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14j Fosså SD, Horwich A, Russell JM, et al. Optimal planning target volume for stage Ⅰ testicular seminomaFA Medical Research Council randomized trial. Medical Research Council Testicular Tumor Working Group. J Clin Oncol. 1999G17F1146.iⅡj

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17j Travis LB, Fosså SD, Schonfeld SJ, et al. Second cancers among 40,576 testicular cancer patientsFfocus on long-term survivors. J Natl Cancer. Inst 2005G97F1354-65.iⅣaj

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22j Oliver RT, Mead GM, Rustin GJ, et al. Randomized trial of carboplatin versus radiotherapy for stage Ⅰ seminomaFmature results on relapse and contralateral testis cancer rates in MRC TE19/EORTC 30982 studyiISRCTN27163214j. J Clin Oncol. 2011G29F957-62.iⅡj

23j Oliver RT, Edmonds PM, Ong JY, et al. Pilot studies of 2 and 1 course carboplatin as adjuvant for stage Ⅰ seminomaFshould it be tested in a randomized trial against radiotherapy? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1994G29F3-8.iⅣaj

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28j Albers P, Albrecht W, Algaba F, et al. EAU guidelines on testicular cancerF2011 update. Eur Urol. 2011G60F304-19.iⅢj


CQ 8

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Stage Ⅰ”ñƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚ÍC¸‘ƒ“EœŒã‚ÌŒo‰ßŠÏŽ@’†‚É30“‚ÅÄ”­‚ª”F‚ß‚ç‚êCÄ”­—á‚Ì80“‚Í12 ƒJŒŽˆÈ“à‚ÉÄ”­‚·‚é1-3jB‚Ü‚½CStage Ⅰ”ñƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚ÌÇ—á‚ɑ΂µ‚Č㕠–ŒƒŠƒ“ƒpߊs´‚ðs‚Á‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍC30“‚Å•a—Šw“IƒŠƒ“ƒpß“]ˆÚ‚ª”F‚ß‚ç‚ê‚é4-6jB

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y•¶Œ£z

1j Freedman LS, Parkinson MC, Jones WG, et al. Histopathology in the prediction of relapse of patients with stage Ⅰ testicular teratoma treated by orchidectomy alone. Lancet. 1987G2F294-8.iⅣaj

2j Read G, Stenning SP, Cullen MH, et al. Medical Research Council prospective study of surveillance for stage Ⅰ testicular teratoma. Medical Research Council Testicular Tumors Working Party. J Clin Oncol. 1992G10F1762-8.iⅣaj

3j Sogani PC, Perrotti M, Herr HW, et al. Clinical stage Ⅰ testis cancerFLong-term outcome of patients on surveillance. J Urol. 1998G159F855-8.iⅣaj

4j Albers P, Siener R, Kliesch S, et al, Risk factors for relapse in clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumorsFresults of the German Testicular Cancer Study Group Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2003G21F1505-12.iⅣaj

5j Albers P, Ulbright TM, Albers J, et al. Tumor proliferative activity is predictive of pathological stage in clinical stage A nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors. J Urol. 1996G155F579-86.iⅤj

6j Heidenreich A, Schenkmann NS, Sesterhenn IA, et al, Immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67 to predict lymph node involvement in clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. J Urol. 1997G158F620-5.iⅤj

7j Sturgeon JF, Moore MJ, Kakiashvili DM, et al. Non-risk-adapted surveillance in clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous germ cell tumorsFthe Princess Margaret Hospitalfs experience. Eur Urol. 2011G59F556-62.iⅤj

8j Pont J, Höltl W, Kosak D, et al. Risk-adapted treatment choice in stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous testicular germ cell cancer by regarding vascular invasion in the primary tumorFa prospective trial. J Clin Oncol. 8F16-20, 1990.iⅣaj

9j Klepp O, Dahl O, Flodgren P, et al. Risk-adapted treatment of clinical stage 1 non-seminoma testis cancer. Eur J Cancer. 1997G33F1038-44.iⅣaj

10j Ondrus D, Matoska J, Belan V, et al. Prognostic factors in clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous germ cell testicular tumorsFrationale for different risk-adapted treatment. Eur Urol. 1998G33F562-6.iⅣbj

11j Maroto P, García del Muro X, Aparicio J, et al. Multicentre risk-adapted management for stage Ⅰ non-seminomatous germ cell tumours. Ann Oncol. 2005G16F1915-20.iⅣbj

12j Tandstad T, Dahl O, Cohn-Cedermark G, et al. Risk-adapted treatment in clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous germ cell testicular cancerFthe SWENOTECA management program. J Clin Oncol. 2009G27F2122-8.iⅢj


CQ 9

œStage Ⅰ”ñƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}¸‘ƒŽîᇂɂ͂ǂ̂悤‚ÈŽ¡—ª„§‚³‚ê‚é‚©H


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y•¶Œ£z

1j Choueiri TK, Stephenson AJ, Gilligan T, et al. Management of clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous germ cell testicular cancer. Urol Clin North Am. 2007G34F137-48.iⅠj

2j Divrik RT, Akdoğan B, Ozen H, et al. Outcomes of surveillance protocol of clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous germ cell tumors-Is shift to risk adapted. J Urol. 2006G176F1424-30.iⅣbj

3j Nicolai N, Miceli R, Necchi A, et al. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection with no adjuvant chemotherapy in clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous germ cell tumoursFlong-term outcome and analysis of risk factors of recurrence. Eur Urol. 2010G58F912-8.iⅣaj

4j Amato RJ, Ro JY, Ayala AG, et al. Risk-adapted treatment for patients with clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of the testis. Urology. 2004G63F144-9.iⅢj

5j Vergouwe Y, Steyerberg EW, Eijkemans MJ, et al. Predictors of occult metastasis in clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomaFA systematic review. J Clin Oncol. 2003G21F4092-9.iⅠj

6j Albers P, Siener R, Kliesch S, et al. Risk factors for relapse in clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumorsFresults of the German Testiculcar Cancer Study Group Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2003G21F1505-12.iⅣaj

7j Oliver RT, Ong J, Shamash J, et al. Long-term results of laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissectionFA single-center 10-year experience. Urology. 2004G63F556-61.iⅤj

8j Segal R. Surveillance programs for stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis. Urol Oncol. 2006G24F68-74.iⅣaj

9j Rustin GJ, Mead GM, Stenning SP, et al. Randomized trial of two or five Computed Tomography Scans in the surveillance of patients with Stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testisFMedical Research Council Trial TE08, ISRCTN56475197-The National Cancer Research Institute Testis Cancer Clinical Studies Group. J Clin Oncol. 2007G25F1310-5.iⅡj

10j Huddart RA, OfDoherty MJ, Padhani A, et al. 18Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the prediction of relapse in patients with High-risk, clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous germ cell tumorsFPreliminary report of MRC Trial TE22-The NCRI Testis Tumour Clinical Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2007G25F3090-5.iⅣaj

11j Spermon JR, Roeleveld TA, van der Poel HG, et al. Comparison of surveillance and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in Stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. Urology. 2002G59F923-9.iⅣaj

12j Klepp O, Olsson AM, Henrikson H, et al. Prognostic factors in clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous germ cell tumours of the testisFmultivariate analysis of a prospective multicenter study. J Clin Oncol 1990G8F509-18.iⅢj

13j Foster RS, Roth BJ. Clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomaFsurgery versus surveillance. Semin Oncol 1998G25F145-53.iⅢj

14j Foster RS, Donohue JP. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for the management of clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminoma. J Urol. 2000G163F1788-92.iⅢj

15j Rassweiler JJ, Scheitlin W, Heidenreich A, et al. Laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissectionFdoes it still have a role in the management of clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous testis cancer? A European perspective. Eur Urol. 2008G54F1004-15.iⅠj

16j Heidenreich A, Albers P, Hartmann M, et al. Complications of primary nerve sparing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testisFexperience of the German Testicular Cancer Study Group. J Urol. 2003G169F1710-4.iⅣaj

17j Albers P, Siener R, Krege S, et al. German Testicular Cancer Study Group. Randomized phase Ⅲ trial comparing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection with one course of bleomycin and etoposide plus cisplatin chemotherapy in the adjuvant treatment of clinical stage Ⅰ Nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumorsFAUO trial AH 01/94 by the German Testicular Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2008G26F2966-72.iⅡj

18j Pont J, Albrecht W, Postner G, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy for high-risk clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous testicular germ cell cancerFlong-term results of a prospective trial. J Clin Oncol. 1996G14F441-8.iⅣaj

19j Studer UE, Burkhard FC, Sonntag RW. Risk adapted management with adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with high risk clinical stage i nonseminomatous germ cell tumor. J Urol. 2000G163F1785-7.iⅣaj

20j Bohlen D, Borner M, Sonntag RW, et al. Long-term results following adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with clinical stage Ⅰ testicular nonseminomatous malignant germ cell tumors with high risk factors. J Urol. 1999G161F1148-52.iⅣaj

21j Tandstad T, Dahl O, Cohn-Cedermark G, et al. Risk-adapted treatment in clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous germ cell testicular cancerFthe SWENOTECA management program. J Clin Oncol 2009G27F2122-8.iⅢj

22j Chevreau C, Mazerolles C, Soulie M, et al. Long-term efficacy of two cycles of BEP regimen in High-risk stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors with embyonal carcinoma and/or vascular invasion. Eur Urol. 2004G46F209-15.iⅣaj

23j Böhlen D, Burkhard FC, Mills R, et al. Fertility and sexual function following orchidectomy and 2 cycles of chemotherapy for stage Ⅰ high risk nonseminomatous germ cell cancer. J Urol 2001G165F441-4.iⅣaj

24j Huddart RA, Norman A, Shahidi M, et al. Cardiovascular disease as a long-term complication of treatment for testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol 2003G21F1513-23.iⅢj

25j Kollmannsberger C, Moore C, Chi KN, et al. Non-risk-adapted surveillance for patients with stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous testicular germ-cell tumorsFdiminishing treatment-related morbidity while maintaining efficacy. Ann Oncol. 2010G21F1296-301.iⅢj


CQ 10

œ”ñƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}¸‘ƒŽîᇂÅC¸‘ƒ“EœŒã‚ÉŽîᇃ}[ƒJ[‚Ì‚’l‚ªŽ‘±‚·‚éê‡i—Õ°•aŠúIS ŠúCcISjC‚ǂ̂悤‚ÈŽ¡—ÂªŠ©‚ß‚ç‚ê‚é‚©H


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BEP —Ö@3 ƒR[ƒX‚Ü‚½‚ÍEP —Ö@4 ƒR[ƒX‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª„§‚³‚ê‚éB
y‰ð àz

—Õ°•aŠúIS ŠúicISj‚ÍC“ú–{”å”AŠí‰ÈŠw‰ï•aŠú•ª—Þ‚Å‚ÍⅢ0 Šú‚Æ•ª—Þ‚³‚ê‚éBStage Ⅰ”ñƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}¸‘ƒŽîá‡iNSGCTj‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍC¸‘ƒ“EœŒã‚ÍŽîᇃ}[ƒJ[‚ª”¼Œ¸Šú‚ɉˆ‚Á‚ĉº~‚·‚邪C³í’l‚ƂȂé‚܂ŒˆÓ[‚­ŠÏŽ@‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ªd—v‚Å‚ ‚éB¸‘ƒ“EœŒã‚ÉŽîᇃ}[ƒJ[‚ªã¸‚µ‚Ä‚­‚écIS Ç—á‚ÍC‰æ‘œŠŒ©‚ª‰A«‚Å‚àŽc‘¶•a•Ï‚ª‚ ‚邯l‚¦‚ç‚ê‚éBcIS Ç—á‚ɑ΂µ‚Ă͓–‰CŒã• –ŒƒŠƒ“ƒpߊs´piRPLNDj‚ªŽŽ‚Ý‚ç‚ꂽ1-2jB‚µ‚©‚µCpŒã‚É37-100“‚Æ‚—¦‚É‘Sg«Ä”­‚ª”F‚ß‚½‚±‚Æ‚©‚çCcIS ‚ð‘Sg«•a•ςƂƂ炦CBEP —Ö@3 ƒR[ƒX‚Ü‚½‚ÍEP —Ö@4 ƒR[ƒX‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª„§‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é1-4jBŋ߂łÍCEP —Ö@3 ƒR[ƒX‚Å‚à“¯—l‚É—D‚ꂽ¬Ñ‚Æ—LŠQŽ–Û‚ÌŒyŒ¸‚ª•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é3jB

cIS Ç—á‚̉»Šw—Ö@’P“Ƃ̎¡–ü—¦‚Í71-75“‚Æ•ñ‚³‚ꂽ1, 2, 4jB‰»Šw—Ö@Œã‚̂قƂñ‚Ç‚ÌÄ”­‚͌㕠–Œo‚ÉŒ©‚ç‚ê‚éBIndiana ‘åŠw‚̃Oƒ‹[ƒv‚ÍCcIS ‚Ì24 —á’†8 —ái33“j‚ÉŠïŒ`Žî‚ª‘¶Ý‚µ‚½‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é4jBcIS ‚ɑ΂·‚鎡—ħ‚̪‹’‚ƂȂÁ‚½•ñ‚Ì‘½‚­‚Í1990 ”N‘ã‚̘_•¶‚Å‚ ‚èCǗᔂୂȂ­CƒGƒrƒfƒ“ƒXƒŒƒxƒ‹‚à‚‚­‚È‚¢BÅ‹ßC‰æ‘œf’f‚Ìi•à‚Ȃǂ©‚çCRPLND ‚̈Ӌ`‚ðŒ©’¼‚·•ñ‚ào‚Ä‚¢‚éBHarvard Medical School ‚̃Oƒ‹[ƒv‚ÍCcIS ‚Ì24 —á‚ÉˆêŽŸŽ¡—ÂƂµ‚ÄRPLND ‚ðŽ{s‚µC‰»Šw—Ö@æs—á‚Æ“¯“™‚̬тð•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é5jB‘½‚­‚ÌÇ—á‚ʼn»Šw—Ö@‚ðÈ—ª‚Å‚«‚邾‚¯‚łȂ­CŒo‰ßŠÏŽ@Žž‚ÌCT ŒŸ¸‚̔픘‚ðŒ¸‚ç‚·ƒƒŠƒbƒg‚àŽw“E‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éBˆêŽŸŽ¡—ÂƂµ‚Ä‚ÌRPLND ‚͂܂¾Œ¤‹†’iŠK‚Å‚ ‚èCŒoŒ±–L‚©‚ÈŽ{Ý‚ÅÇ—á‚ð‘I‚ñ‚Ås‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª–]‚Ü‚µ‚¢B

y•¶Œ£z

1j Davis BE, Herr HW, Fair WR, et al.FThe management of patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis with serologic disease only after orchiectomy. J Urol. 1994G152F111-4.iⅣbj

2j Saxman SB, Nichols CR, Foster RS, et al. The management of patients with clinical stage Ⅰ non-seminomatous testicular tumors and persistently elevated serologic markers. J Urol. 1996G155F587-9.iⅣbj

3j Mezvrishvili Z, Managadze L. Three cycles of etoposide and cisplatin chemotherapy in clinical stage IS nonseminomatous testicular cancer. Int Urol Nephrol. 2006G38F621-4.iⅣbj

4j Dash A, Carver BS, Stasi J, et al.FThe indication for postchemotherapy lymph node dissection in clinical stage IS nonseminomatous germ cell tumor. Cancer. 2008G112F800-5.iⅣbj

5j Williams SB, Steele GS, Richie JP. Primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in patients with clinical stage IS testis cancer. J Urol. 2009G182F2716-20.iⅣbj


CQ 11

œStage ⅡAi“ú–{”å”AŠí‰ÈŠw‰ï•aŠú•ª—ÞFŒã• –Œ“]ˆÚ‘ƒ‚ªÅ‘åŒa5 cm –¢–žjƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄC‚ǂ̂悤‚ÈŽ¡—ª„§‚³‚ê‚é‚©H


„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒh

A
‚ˆÊ¸‘ƒ“EœpŒã‚ɉ»Šw—Ö@‚Ü‚½‚Í•úŽËü—Ö@‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ðs‚¤B
y‰ð àz

“ú–{”å”AŠí‰ÈŠw‰ï‚̸‘ƒŽîᇕaŠú•ª—Þ‚É‚¨‚¯‚éStage ⅡA ƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}iŒã• –Œ“]ˆÚ‘ƒ‚ªÅ‘åŒa5 cm –¢–žj‚ÍCTNM •ª—Þ‚Å‚ÌStage ⅡAiŒã• –Œ“]ˆÚ‘ƒ‚ª2 cm –¢–žj‚¨‚æ‚ÑⅡB ƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}iŒã• –Œ“]ˆÚ‘ƒ‚ªÅ‘åŒa2 cm ˆÈã5 cm ˆÈ‰ºj‚ªŠÜ‚Ü‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB‰¢•Ă̸‘ƒŽîᇃKƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“‚Å‚ ‚éEAU Guideline2012 ‚âNCCN Guidelinei2012Cversion 1j‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚àCStage ⅡA/B ƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚̂悤‚È“]ˆÚ‘ƒ‚ÌŽîᇗʂª¬‚³‚¢‚à‚̂łÍC‚»‚ÌŽ¡—Â̑æˆê‘I‘ð‚Í•úŽËü—Ö@‚ƂȂÁ‚Ä‚¢‚é1, 2jB‚»‚µ‚ÄCStage ⅡB ƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚̈ꕔ‚ÌŠ³ŽÒ‚ł͉»Šw—Ö@‚ª‘I‘ð‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB‚»‚̪‹’‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍC•úŽËü—Ö@‚ÌŽ¡—ìтª—Ç‚¢‚±‚Æ‚âC‚à‚µ•úŽËü—Ö@‚ÅÄ”­‚µ‚Ä‚àC‹~ω»Šw—Ö@‚Ì—LŒø«‚ª‚‚¢‚©‚ç‚Å‚ ‚éBˆê•ûC‚킪‘‚Å‚ÍC•úŽËü—Ö@‚͔ӊú‡•¹Ç‚Æ‚µ‚Ă̓ñŽŸ”­Šà‚ª–â‘è‚Æ‚Ȃ邱‚Æ3, 4j‚âC‰¢•ĂƈقȂè”å”AŠí‰Èˆã‚ª‰»Šw—Ö@‚ð’S“–‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚鎖î‚à‚ ‚èC‰»Šw—Ö@‚ª‘I‘ð‚³‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚ª‘½‚¢B

ˆê”Ê‚ÉC‰»Šw—Ö@܂Ƃµ‚Ă̓uƒŒƒIƒ}ƒCƒVƒ“CƒGƒgƒ|ƒVƒhCƒVƒXƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒ“‚ÌBEP —Ö@‚ª3 ‚È‚¢‚µ4 ƒR[ƒX‘I‘ð‚³‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚ª‘½‚¢BGarcia-del-Muro ‚ç‚ÍStage ⅡA/B ƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚ɑ΂µC•úŽËü‚Ì‘ã‘֗Ö@‚Æ‚µ‚Ä72 –¼‚ÌŠ³ŽÒ‚É4 ƒR[ƒX‚ÌEP —Ö@‚©3 ƒR[ƒX‚ÌBEP —Ö@‚ðs‚¢C’†‰›’l71.5 ƒJŒŽ‚ÌŠÏŽ@ŠúŠÔ‚ÅCR ‚ª83“CPR ‚ª17“‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚½5jB‚Ü‚½5 ”N–³‘ˆ«¶‘¶—¦‚ÍCStage ⅡA ƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚ÆⅡB ƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚ÅC‚»‚ꂼ‚ê100“‚Æ87“‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½Bˆê•ûCKrege ‚ç‚ÍStage ⅡA/B ƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄCƒJƒ‹ƒ{ƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒ“’P“ÆiAUC 7 mg.min/mLj‚Å4 T–ˆ‚É3 ‚È‚¢‚µ4 ƒR[ƒXŽ¡—µ‚ÄŒø‰Ê‚ðŒŸ“¢‚µ‚½6jB‚»‚ÌŒ‹‰ÊCCR ‚ª88/108i81“jCPR ‚ª17/108i16“j‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½‚ªC’†‰›’l28 ƒJŒŽ‚ÌŒo‰ßŠÏŽ@‚Å14/108i13“j‚ÉÄ”­‚ª‹N‚±‚èCÅI“I‚ɂ͑S‘Ì‚Ì18“‚ª–³Œø‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½‚±‚Æ‚©‚çCStage ⅡA/B ƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚ɑ΂·‚éƒJƒ‹ƒ{ƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒ“’P“ƗÖ@‚Í•s\•ª‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚½6jB

•úŽËü—Ö@‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍC•úŽËü—Ö@‚ÅÄ”­‚µ‚Ä‚àƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒi»Ü‚É‚æ‚é‹~ω»Šw—Ö@‚ª—LŒø‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚©‚çCÆŽË–ì‚âÆŽËü—Ê‚ðŒ¸‚¶‚éŒXŒü‚É‚ ‚é1, 7, 8jBClassen ‚ç‚̓hƒCƒc‘“à‚Ì30 Ž{Ý‚ÅStage ⅡA ƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}66 —á‚ÆⅡB ƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}21 —á‚ð‘ÎÛ‚ÉC]—ˆ‚æ‚è‚ୗʂ̕úŽËü—Ö@‚É‚æ‚é‘OŒü‚«Œ¤‹†‚ðŽÀŽ{‚µC‚»‚ÌŒø‰Ê‚ðŒŸ“¢‚µ‚½1jB‚·‚Ȃ킿CÆŽË–ì‚ð‰¡Šu–Œ‰º‚Ì–T‘å“®–¬ƒŠƒ“ƒp߂Ɠ¯‘¤’°œƒŠƒ“ƒp߂̂¢‚í‚ä‚édogleg ó‚̗̈æ‚Éi‚èCStage ⅡA ƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚Å‚Í30 Gy ‚ðCⅡBƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚É‚Í36 Gy ‚ðÆŽË‚µ‚½B‚»‚ÌŒ‹‰ÊC6 ”N”ñÄ”­¶‘¶—¦‚Í‚»‚ꂼ‚ê95.3“‚Æ88.9“‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B‚Ü‚½Ä”­‚Í‚»‚ꂼ‚ê‚ÌStage ‚Å2 —Ⴘ‚‚݂ç‚êC‘Sˆõ‚ªƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒi»Ü‚ÅŽ¡—³‚ꂽBŋ߂ͽœãâ|‚Ö‚Ì—\–hƎ˂̓ƒŠƒbƒg‚ª­‚È‚­CŽ{s‚³‚ê‚È‚¢•ûŒü‚ƂȂÁ‚Ä‚¢‚éB

‚±‚̂悤‚ÈŒ‹‰Ê‚©‚çCƒhƒCƒc‚̸‘ƒãó×–EŽîᇃRƒ“ƒZƒ“ƒTƒXƒKƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“‚Å‚ÍCÆŽË–ì‚Æ‚µ‚ÄCStage ⅡA ƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚ɂ͌㕠–Œ“]ˆÚ‘ƒ‚¨‚æ‚Ñ–T‘å“®–¬ƒŠƒ“ƒpßC“¯‘¤’°œƒŠƒ“ƒp߂ɯŽË‚µCÆŽË—Ê‚ÍCƒŠƒ“ƒpß“]ˆÚ‚ÌŒa‚ª2 cm ˆÈ‰ºiⅡAj‚È‚ç‚Î30 GyC2-5 cmiⅡBj‚È‚ç‚Î36 Gy ‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é7, 9jB‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ì•ñ‚©‚ç•úŽËü—Ö@‚ÌÄ”­—¦‚͈ê”Ê‚ÉStage ⅡA ‚Å–ñ5 ‚È‚¢‚µ6“‚ÅCoverall survival ‚͂قÚ100“‚Å‚ ‚邯l‚¦‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB‚µ‚½‚ª‚Á‚ÄCƒAƒƒŠƒJ‚ÌNCCN ‚Å‚à‚±‚ÌClassen ‚Ì•û–@‚ðŽxŽ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éBˆê•ûCƒJƒiƒ_‚ÌChung ‚ç‚à25-35 Gy ‚ÌÆŽË—Ê‚ð“]ˆÚ‘ƒ‚¨‚æ‚Ñ–T‘å“®–¬ƒŠƒ“ƒpßC“¯‘¤’°œƒŠƒ“ƒp߂ɯŽË‚µC5 ”N”ñÄ”­¶‘¶—¦‚Í91“C5 ”NŠà“ÁˆÙ¶‘¶—¦‚Í97“‚Å‚ ‚èC¶½œãâ|‚âcŠu‚Ö‚Ì—\–hƎ˂͕K—v‚È‚¢‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚½10jBChung ‚ç‚͂܂½•úŽËü—Ö@Œã‚ÌÄ”­•”ˆÊ‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍC¶½œãâ|C”xCcŠuCœC–T‘å“®–¬ƒŠƒ“ƒpßCŠÌ‚ª‘½‚¢‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é11jB

•úŽËü—Ö@‚Ɖ»Šw—Ö@‚ð”äŠr‚µ‚½ŒŸ“¢‚Å‚ÍCWarde ‚ç‚ÍStage ⅡA ‚¨‚æ‚ÑⅡB ƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚Å•úŽËü—Ö@80 –¼iⅡA 64 –¼CⅡB 16 –¼j‚Ɖ»Šw—Ö@19 –¼iⅡA 5–¼CⅡB 14 –¼j‚ÌŽ¡—ÃŒø‰Ê‚Ì”äŠr‚ðs‚¢C•úŽËü—Ö@‚Å‚Í16/80i20“j‚ªÄ”­‚µ‚½‚ªC‰»Šw—Ö@‚Å‚Í1 –¼‚àÄ”­‚µ‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚±‚Æ‚ð•ñ‚µC‰»Šw—Ö@‚Ì—DˆÊ«‚ðŽ¦‚µ‚½12jB

ˆê•û‚ÅC•úŽËü—Ö@‚Ɖ»Šw—Ö@‚𕹗p‚µ‚½•ñ‚à‚ ‚éBPatterson ‚ç‚̓Jƒ‹ƒ{ƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒ“•¹—p•úŽËü—Ö@‚Æ•úŽËü’P“Ƃł»‚ÌŒø‰Ê‚ð”äŠr‚µC•¹—pŒQ‚Ì5 ”N”ñÄ”­¶‘¶—¦‚ª96.9“‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½‚̂ɑ΂µC•úŽËü’P“ÆŒQ‚Í80.7“‚Å‚ ‚èC•¹—pŒQ‚Ì•û‚ªÄ”­‚ð’x‚点‚邯•ñ‚µ‚½13jBˆê•ûCDetti ‚ç‚Í1965 ”N‚©‚ç2005 ”N‚܂łÌ40 ”NŠÔC106 –¼‚Ìstage ⅡƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚ÌŽ¡—ìтð‚܂ƂßCStage ⅡA ‚ÆⅡB ‚Ì5 ”N”ñÄ”­¶‘¶—¦‚Í94“‚¨‚æ‚Ñ72.5“‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚½14jB‚»‚Ì’†‚Å13 –¼‚ª•¹—p—Ö@‚ð‚µ‚½‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB

ˆÈã‚©‚çCStage ⅡA ƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}i“ú–{”å”AŠí‰ÈŠw‰ï•aŠú•ª—Þj‚ÌŽ¡—ÂɂÍC‚ˆÊ¸‘ƒ“EœpŒã‚̉»Šw—Ö@‚Ü‚½‚Í•úŽËü—Ö@‚ª„§‚³‚ê‚éB

y•¶Œ£z

1j Classen J, Schmidberger H, Meisner C, et al. Radiotherapy for stage ⅡA/B testicular seminomaFFinal report of a prospective multicenter clinical trial. J Clin Oncol. 2003G21F1101-6.iⅢj

2j Schmidberger H, Bamberg M, Meisner C, et al. Radiotherapy in stage ⅡA and ⅡB testicular seminoma with reduced portalsFA prospective multicenter study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1997G39F321-6.iⅢj

3j Bokemeyer C, Schmoll HJ. Secondary neoplasms following treatment of malignant germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol. 1993G11F1703-9.iⅣbj

4j Travis LB, Curtis RE, Storm H, et al. Risk of second malignant neoplasms among long-term survivors of testicular cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997G89F1429-39.iⅣaj

5j Garcia-del-Muro X, Maroto P, Guma J, et al. Chemotherapy as ab alternative to radiotherapy in the treatment of stage ⅡA and ⅡB testicular seminomaFA Spanish Germ Cell Cancer Group Study. J Clin Oncol. 2008G26F5416-21.iⅢj

6j Krege S, Boergermann C, Baschek R, et al. Single agent carboplatin for CS Ⅱ A/B testicular seminoma, A phase Ⅱ study of the German Testicular Cancer Study GroupiGTCSGj. Ann Oncol. 2006G17F276-80. Epub 2005 Oct 27.iⅢj

7j Classen J, Souchon R, Hehr T, et al. Radiotherapy for early stages testicular seminomaFpattern of case study in Germany. Radiother Oncol. 2002G63F179-86.iⅣbj

8j Wilder RB, Buyyounouski MK, Efstathiou JA, et al. Radiotherapy treatment planning for testicular seminoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012G83Fe445-2.iⅠj

9j Krege S, Souchon R, Schmoll HJ. Interdisciplinary consensus on diagnosis and treatment of testicular germ cell tumorsFresults of an update conference on evidence-based medicineiEBMj. Eur Urol. 2001G40F373-91.iⅠj

10j Chung PW, Warde PR, Panzarella TP, et al. Appropriate radiation volume for Stage ⅡA/B testicular seminoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003G56F746-8.iⅣbj

11j Chung PW, Gospodarowicz MK, Panzarella T, et al. Stage Ⅱ testicular seminomaFPatterns of recurrence and outcome of treatment. Eur Urol. 2004G754-9.iⅣaj

12j Warde P, Gospodarowicz MK, Panzarella T, et al. Management of stage Ⅱ testicular seminoma. J Clin Oncol. 1998G16F290-4.iⅣbj

13j Patterson H, Norman AR, Mitra SS, et al. Combination carboplatin and radiotherapy in the management of stage Ⅱ testicular seminomaFcomparison with radiotherapy treatment alone. Radiother Oncol. 2001G59F5-11.iⅢj

14j Detti B, Livi L, Scoccianti S, et al. Management of stage Ⅱ testicular seminoma over a period of 40 years. Urol Oncol. 2009G27F534-8.iⅣbj


CQ 12

œStage ⅡAi“ú–{”å”AŠí‰ÈŠw‰ï•aŠú•ª—ÞFŒã• –Œ“]ˆÚ‘ƒ‚ªÅ‘åŒa5 cm –¢–žj”ñƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄC‚ǂ̂悤‚ÈŽ¡—ª„§‚³‚ê‚é‚©H


„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒh

A
Stage ⅡA ”ñƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚Ì‚¤‚¿CŒã• –ŒƒŠƒ“ƒpß“]ˆÚ‘ƒ‚ª2-5 cm ‚ÌÇ—á‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄBEP —Ö@‚ª„§‚³‚ê‚éB

„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒh

B
æsRPLNDiŒã• –ŒƒŠƒ“ƒpߊf´pj‚ÍCŽîᇃ}[ƒJ[‚ª³í”͈͂łȂ¨‚©‚Â2 cm ˆÈ‰º‚̌㕠–ŒƒŠƒ“ƒpß“]ˆÚ‚ð—L‚·‚éÇ—á‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä—L—p‚ɂȂé‰Â”\«‚ª‚ ‚éB

„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒh

C1
æs‚¨‚æ‚щ»Šw—Ö@Œã‚ÌRPLND ‚ÍC• o‹¾‰ºŽèp‚à—L—p‚Å‚ ‚é‰Â”\«‚ª‚ ‚éB
y‰ð àz

]—ˆ‚©‚çCStage ⅡA ”ñƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚ÍC‰»Šw—Ö@‚ðæs‚·‚éˆÓŒ©‚ÆRPLND ‚ðæs‚·‚éˆÓŒ©‚ª‚ ‚èC—¼ŽÒ‚Ì”äŠr‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Í1995 ”N‚É•ñ‚³‚ꂽIndiana ‘åŠw‚ł̌Ÿ“¢‚É‚æ‚邯CÅI“I‚ɉ»Šw—Ö@‚ÆRPLND ‚Ì—¼Ž¡—ª•K—v‚ɂȂéÇ—á‚â‘S‘̂̎¡–ü—¦‚Í“¯“™‚Æ‚³‚ê‚é1jB‚½‚¾‚µCRPLND ‚ðæs‚³‚¹‚½ê‡C23“‚É•a—Šw“I‚ÉƒŠƒ“ƒpß“]ˆÚ‚ª”F‚ß‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B‚Ü‚½C2000 ”N‚É•ñ‚³‚ꂽStage ⅡA/BiAJCC •ª—ÞjNSGCT ‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½‘OŒü‚«”ñƒ‰ƒ“ƒ_ƒ€‰»”äŠrŽŽŒ±‚Å‚àC—¼Ž¡—Ö@Œã‚Ì•½‹Ï3 ”NŠÔ‚̃tƒHƒ[ƒAƒbƒvŠúŠÔ‚ÅÄ”­—¦‚É—LˆÓ·‚Í”F‚߂Ȃ©‚Á‚½‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éiÄ”­—¦GæsRPLNDF7“Cæs‰»Šw—Ö@F11“j2jB

EGCCCGiEuropean Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Groupj‚Ì•ñ‚Å‚ÍC”ñƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}Ç—á‚Ì‚¤‚¿C2-5 cm ‚̌㕠–ŒƒŠƒ“ƒpß•a•Ï‚ð—L‚·‚éÇ—á‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚ÍIGCCC ƒŠƒXƒN•ª—Þ‚É€‚¶‚ÄBEP —Ö@‚ª„§‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é3jBˆê•ûC2 cm –¢–ž‚̌㕠–ŒƒŠƒ“ƒpß•a•Ï‚ð—L‚µC‚ˆÊ¸‘ƒ“EœŒã‚ÌŽîᇃ}[ƒJ[‚ª³í’l‚Å‚ ‚éÇ—á‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚ÍCRPLND ‚Ü‚½‚ÍŒo‰ßŠÏŽ@i6 T–ˆ‚ÌŒµdŒo‰ßŠÏŽ@j‚ª„§‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB2 cm –¢–ž‚Å‚ ‚Á‚Ä‚àC‚ˆÊ¸‘ƒ“EœpŒã‚àŽîᇃ}[ƒJ[‚ªã¸‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éÇ—á‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚ÍBEP —Ö@‚ðs‚¢C‚»‚ÌŒã‚ÌŽc‘¶•a•ςɑ΂µ‚Ä‚àCRPLND ‚ðs‚¤•ûj‚ª„§‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é3jB

RPLND ‚ðæs‚µ‚½ê‡C12“‚ª•a—Šw“IiPSjⅠ‚Æf’f‚³‚êCŽc‚è‚Ì88“‚ªPSⅡAi•a—Šw“IStage ⅡACAJCC •ª—Þj‚Æf’f‚³‚ê‚éBPSⅡA ‚Æf’f‚³‚ꂽǗá‚É‚ÍCŒo‰ßŠÏŽ@‚Ü‚½‚͕╉»Šw—Ö@‚Ì‘I‘ðŽˆ‚ª‚ ‚éBRPLND ‚ÌŒ‹‰ÊCPSⅡiAJCC •ª—Þj‚Æf’f‚³‚ꂽǗá‚ɑ΂·‚éŒo‰ßŠÏŽ@‚ł͖ñ30-50“‚ÉÄ”­‚ð”F‚߂è‚è4jC’ljÁ‰»Šw—Ö@‚ª•K—v‚Æ‚³‚ê‚éBMSKCC ‚©‚ç‚Ì•ñ‚Å‚ÍCRPLND ‚ÌŒ‹‰ÊPSⅡiAJCC •ª—Þj‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½Ç—á‚ɑ΂·‚é•╗Ö@‚Æ‚µ‚ÄEP —Ö@2 ƒR[ƒX‚Ì—L—p«‚ðŒŸ“¢‚µC’†‰›’l8 ”N‚ÌŠÏŽ@‚ÅÄ”­—¦‚Í1“‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½5jBˆê”Ê“I‚ÉC•╉»Šw—Ö@‚ðŽ{s‚µ‚½Ç—á‚ÌÄ”­—¦‚Í0-7“‚Æ‚³‚ê‚éB‚µ‚©‚µCt‹@”\áŠQ‚Æ‚¢‚Á‚½Ž¡—Ê֘A—LŠQŽ–Û6j‚â’x”­«ŒãˆâÇ‚ðl—¶‚·‚邯CæsRPLND Œã‚ɕ╉»Šw—Ö@‚ðs‚Á‚½Ç—á‚Ì50-70“‚ªover-treatment ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‰Â”\«‚ª‚ ‚éB

ŋ߂̕ñ‚Å‚ÍCæsRPLND ‚Ì“K‰ž‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍC‚ˆÊ¸‘ƒ“EœŒã‚ÌŽîᇃ}[ƒJ[‚ª³í’l‚ÅC2 cm –¢–ž‚̌㕠–ŒƒŠƒ“ƒpß•a•Ï‚ð—L‚·‚é”ñƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}Ç—á‚݂̂ð‘I‘ð‚·‚é‚±‚Æ‚ªC”ñÄ”­—¦‚̉ü‘P‚ɂ‚Ȃª‚è7, 8jC2-5 cm ‚̌㕠–ŒƒŠƒ“ƒpß•a•Ï‚ð—L‚·‚éÇ—á‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚ÍIGCCC ‚É€‚¶CBEP —Ö@‚ª„§‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB

‚Ü‚½CŠs´”͈͂Ɋւµ‚Ă͊g‘å‹y‚Ñk¬‚Ì•ñ‚ª‚ ‚邪Cˆê’è‚ÌŒ©‰ð‚Í“¾‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢9-11jBRPLND ‚Ì•û–@‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍC• o‹¾‰ºŽèp‚ª’áNP‚ÅØœ”͈͂¨‚æ‚ÑŒ‹‰Ê‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚à–ž‘«‚ª‚¢‚­‚à‚̂ł ‚èC‰Â”\‚ÈŽ{݂ɂ¨‚¢‚Ă̈́§‚³‚ê‚é12, 13jB

y•¶Œ£z

1j Donohue JP, Thornhill JA, Foster RS, et al. Clinical stage B non-seminomatous germ cell testis cancerFthe Indiana University experiencei1965-1989jusing routine primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Eur J Cancer. 1995G31AF1599-604.iⅡj

2j Weissbach L, Bussar-Maatz R, Flechtner H, et al. RPLND or primary chemotherapy in clinical stage ⅡA/B nonseminomatous germ cell tumors? Results of a prospective multicenter trial including quality of life assessment. Eur Urol. 2000G37F582-94.iⅢj

3j Krege S, Beyer J, Souchon R, et al. European consensus conference on diagnosis and treatment of germ cell cancerFa report of the second meeting of the European Germ Cell Cancer Consensus groupiEGCCCGjFpart ‡T. Eur Urol. 2008G53F478-96.iⅠj

4j Williams SD, Stablein DM, Einhorn LH, et al. Immediate adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation with treatment at relapse in pathological stage Ⅱ testicular cancer. N Engl J Med. 1987G317F1433-8.iⅡj

5j Kondagunta GV, Sheinfeld J, Mazumdar M, et al. Relapse-free and overall survival in patients with pathologic stage Ⅱ nonseminomatous germ cell cancer treated with etoposide and cisplatin adjuvant chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2004G22F464-7.iⅢj

6j Fosså SD, Aass N, Winderen M, et al. Long-term renal function after treatment for malignant germ-cell tumours. Ann Oncol. 2002G13F222-8.iⅣbj

7j Stephenson AJ, Bosl GJ, Bajorin DF, et al. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in patients with low stage testicular cancer with embryonal carcinoma predominance and/or lymphovascular invasion. J Urol. 2005G174F557-60.iⅣbj

8j Stephenson AJ, Bosl GJ, Motzer RJ, et al. Nonrandomized comparison of primary chemotherapy and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for clinical stage ⅡA and ⅡB nonseminomatous germ cell testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007G25F5597-602.iⅢj

9j Carver BS, Shayegan B, Eggener S, et al. Incidence of metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumor outside the boundaries of a modified postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. J Clin Oncol. 2007G25F4365-9.iⅢj

10j Eggener SE, Carver BS, Sharp DS, et al. Incidence of disease outside modified retroperitoneal lymph node dissection templates in clinical stage Ⅰ or ⅡA nonseminomatous germ cell testicular cancer. J Urol. 2007G177F937-42.iⅢj

11j Steiner H, Peschel R, Bartsch G. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection after chemotherapy for germ cell tumoursFis a full bilateral template always necessary?. BJU Int. 2008G102F310-4.iⅣbj

12j Steiner H, Zangerl F, Stöhr B, et al. Results of bilateral nerve sparing laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular cancer. J Urol. 2008G180F1348-52.iⅣbj

13j Rassweiler JJ, Scheitlin W, Heidenreich A, et al. Laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissectionFdoes it still have a role in the management of clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous testis cancer? A European perspective. Eur Urol. 2008G54F1004-15.iⅠj


CQ 13

œ‰‰ñ‰»Šw—Ö@‚Æ‚µ‚ÄBEP —Ö@‚Í„§‚³‚ê‚é‚©H


„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒh

A
‰»Šw—Ö@ŠJŽn‘O‚ÉInternational Germ Cell Consensus ClassificationiIGCCCj‚É€‚¶‚Ä—\Œã•ª—Þ‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª„§‚³‚ê‚éB

„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒh

A
—\Œã—ÇDŒQ‚É‚ÍBEPiƒuƒŒƒIƒ}ƒVƒCƒ“CƒGƒgƒ|ƒVƒhCƒVƒXƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒ“j—Ö@3ƒR[ƒX‚ªC—\Œã’†ŠÔŒQ‚¨‚æ‚Ñ—\Œã•s—ÇŒQ‚É‚ÍBEP —Ö@4 ƒR[ƒX‚ª•W€“I‚È“±“ü‰»Šw—Ö@‚Æ‚µ‚Ä„§‚³‚ê‚éB
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BEP —Ö@i•\j‚ÍCŒ»Žž“_‚Å‚Ìis«¸‘ƒŽîᇉ‰ñ‰»Šw—Ö@‚É‚¨‚¯‚é•W€Ž¡—ÂÆl‚¦‚ç‚ê‚é1jB¸‘ƒŽîᇂł͎¡—ÑO—\ŒãˆöŽq‚ð—p‚¢‚½—\Œã•ª—Þ‚ª’ñ¥‚³‚êC‚»‚ê‚ɉž‚¶‚½Ž¡—Â̌•ʉ»‚ª„i‚³‚ê‚Ä‚«‚½BIGCCC ‚Í“]ˆÚ‚ð—L‚·‚éãó×–EŽî‚ÌŽ¡—ÑO—\ŒãˆöŽq‚É‚à‚Æ‚¢‚½•ª—Þ–@2j‚őۓI‚ÉÅ‚àL‚­—p‚¢‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éBIGCCC ‚Å—\Œã—ÇDŒQ‚É•ª—Þ‚³‚ꂽǗá‚ɑ΂·‚鉉ñ‰»Šw—Ö@‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍCBEP —Ö@‚ð3 ƒR[ƒXs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª„§‚³‚ê‚é3, 4jB—\Œã—ÇDŒQ‚ɑ΂·‚鉻Šw—Ö@‚ÌŽ{s‰ñ”‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍCEORTC ‚É‚æ‚èBEP —Ö@3 ƒR[ƒX‚ÆCBEP —Ö@3 ƒR[ƒX{EP —Ö@1 ƒR[ƒX‚É‚æ‚郉ƒ“ƒ_ƒ€‰»”äŠrŽŽŒ±‚ªs‚í‚ꂽBŒ‹‰Ê‚Æ‚µ‚Ä—¼ŽÒ‚ÌŽ¡—ìтª“¯“™‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ªŽ¦‚³‚êC—\Œã—ÇDŒQ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚ÍBEP —Ö@3 ƒR[ƒX‚ª\•ª‚ÈŽ¡—Âł ‚邱‚Æ‚ªŠm”F‚³‚ꂽ3jBˆê•ûC—\Œã—ÇDŒQ‚Å‚ÍC‰»Šw—Ö@‚ÌŒyŒ¸‰»C“Á‚É”x“Å«‚Ö‚Ì”z—¶‚©‚çƒuƒŒƒIƒ}ƒCƒVƒ“‚ÌÈ—ª‚ªŽŽ‚Ý‚ç‚ꂽ‚ªCBEP —Ö@3 ƒR[ƒX‚ÆEP —Ö@3 ƒR[ƒX‚ð”äŠr‚µ‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍCŒãŽÒ‚ÌŽ¡—ìтª—LˆÓ‚É•s—ǂł ‚邱‚Æ‚ªŽ¦‚³‚ꂽ4jB‚±‚ê‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄBEP —Ö@3 ƒR[ƒX‚ÆEP —Ö@4 ƒR[ƒX‚Ì”äŠr‚Å‚ÍC—¼ŽÒ‚ÌŽ¡—ìтɗLˆÓ·‚͂Ȃ©‚Á‚½5jB‚µ‚½‚ª‚Á‚ÄC”äŠr“I‚—îŽÒ6, 7ji40-50 ΈÈãj‚ât‹@”\•s—Ç—á6j‚Ȃǂ̃uƒŒƒIƒ}ƒCƒVƒ“”xáŠQ‚ÌƒŠƒXƒN‚Ì‚‚¢Ç—á‚É‚ÍCEP —Ö@4 ƒR[ƒX‚ªBEP —Ö@3 ƒR[ƒX‚Ì‘ã‘Ö‚Æ‚µ‚Ä“K‰ž‚µ‚¤‚é5jB

ˆê•ûC—\Œã’†ŠÔŒQC•s—ÇŒQ‚ɑ΂·‚鉉ñ‰»Šw—Ö@‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍCBEP —Ö@4 ƒR[ƒX‚ª•W€Ž¡—ÂƂµ‚Ä„§‚³‚ê‚é1jB—\Œã•s—ÇŒQ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚ÍBEP —Ö@4 ƒR[ƒX‚ÆBEP —Ö@2 ƒR[ƒX{‘å—ʉ»Šw—Ö@2 ƒR[ƒX‚ð—p‚¢‚½“±“ü—Ö@‚̃‰ƒ“ƒ_ƒ€‰»”äŠrŽŽŒ±‚ªs‚í‚ꂽ‚ª‘å—ʉ»Šw—Ö@‚Ì—L—p«‚Í”F‚ß‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½8jB“¯—l‚ÉBEP —Ö@4 ƒR[ƒX‚ÆVIPiƒGƒgƒ|ƒVƒhCƒCƒzƒXƒtƒ@ƒ~ƒhCƒVƒXƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒ“j—Ö@4 ƒR[ƒX‚̃‰ƒ“ƒ_ƒ€‰»”äŠrŽŽŒ±‚Å‚àC—¼ŽÒ‚ÌŽ¡—ìтɗLˆÓ·‚͂Ȃ­CVIP —Ö@‚Åœ‘—}§‚ª‘‹­‚·‚éŒXŒü‚ª”F‚ß‚ç‚ꂽ9jB‚±‚Ì—Õ°ŽŽŒ±‚Å‚ÍC‚»‚ÌŒã‚Ì’ÇÕ’²¸10j‚Å‚à’·Šú¬Ñ‚É—LˆÓ·‚ª‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚©‚çCƒuƒŒƒIƒ}ƒCƒVƒ“”xáŠQ‚ÌƒŠƒXƒN‚Ì‚‚¢—\Œã’†ŠÔ‹y‚Ñ—\Œã•s—ÇÇ—á‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚ÍCBEP —Ö@‚Ì‘ã‘Ö–@‚Æ‚µ‚ÄVIP —Ö@4 ƒR[ƒX‚ª“K‰ž‚µ“¾‚邯l‚¦‚ç‚ê‚éBˆê”ʂɔäŠr“I‚—îŽÒi40-50 ΈÈãjCt‹@”\•s—Ç—áCƒwƒr[ƒXƒ‚[ƒJ[‚ȂǂłÍCd“ĂȃuƒŒƒIƒ}ƒCƒVƒ“”xáŠQ‚Ì”­ÇƒŠƒXƒN‚ª‚‚­‚È‚é‚Æ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB

•\@BEP —Ö@
ƒVƒXƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒ“ 20 mg/m2 “_“HÃ’i‘æ1-5 “új
ƒGƒgƒ|ƒVƒh 100 mg/m2 “_“HÃ’i‘æ1-5 “új
ƒuƒŒƒIƒ}ƒCƒVƒ“ 30 mg/body “_“HÃ’i‘æ2C9C16 “ú*j
ˆÈã‚ð3 T–ˆ

*ƒuƒŒƒIƒ}ƒCƒVƒ“‚Ì“Š—^“ú‚ð‘æ1C8C15 “ú‚Æ‚·‚éê‡‚à‚ ‚éB

y•¶Œ£z

1j Williams SD, Birch R, Einhorn LH, et al. Treatment of disseminated germ-cell tumors with cisplatin, bleomycin, and either vinblastine or etoposide. N Engl J Med. 1987G316F1435-40.iⅡj

2j IGCCCGFInternational Germ cell consensus classificationFa prognostic factor-based staging system for metastatic germ cell cancer. J. Clin. Oncol., 1997G15F594-603.iⅣaj

3j de Wit R, Roberts JT, Wilkinson PM, et al. Equivalence of three or four cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin chemotherapy and of a 3- or 5- day schedule in good-prognosis germ cell cancerFA randomized study of the European organization for research and treatment of cancer genitourinary tract cancer cooperative group and the medical research council. J Clin Oncol. 2001G19F1629-40.iⅡj

4j Loehrer PJ, Johnson D, Elson P, et al. Importance of bleomycin in favorable-prognosis disseminated germ cell tumorsFAn eastern cooperative oncology group trial. J Clin Oncol. 1995G13F470-6.iⅡj

5j Culine S, Kerbrat P, Kramar A, et al. Refining the optimal chemotherapy regimen for good-risk metastatic nonseminomatous germ-cell tumorsFa randomized trial of the Genito-Urinary Group of the French Federation of Cancer CentersiGETUG T93BPj. Ann Oncol. 2007G18F917-24.iⅡj

6j Einhorn LH, Foster RS. Bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin for three cycles compared with etoposide and cisplatin for four cycles in good-risk germ cell tumorsFis there a preferred regimen?. J Clin Oncol. 2006G24F2597-8.iⅥj

7j Simpson AB, Paul J, Graham J, et al. Fatal bleomycin pulmonary toxicity in the west of Scotland 1991-95Fa review of patients with germ cell tumours. Br J Cancer. 1998G78F1061-66.iⅣbj

8j Motzer RJ, Nichols CJ, Margolin KA, et al. Phase Ⅲ randomized trial of conventional-dose chemotherapy with or without high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem-cell rescue as first-line treatment for patients with poor-prognosis metastatic germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2007G25F247-56.iⅡj

9j Nichols CR, Catalano PJ, Crawford ED, et al. Randomized comparison of cisplatin and etoposide and either bleomycin or ifosfamide in treatment of advanced disseminated germ cell tumorsFan Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, Southwest Oncology Group, and Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study. J Clin Oncol. 1998G16F1287-93.iⅡj

10j Hinton S, Catalano PJ, Einhorn LH, et al. Cisplatin, etoposide and either bleomycin or ifosfamide in the treatment of disseminated germ cell tumorsFfinal analysis of an intergroup trial. Cancer. 2003G97F1869-75.iⅡj


CQ 14

œ¸‘ƒŽîᇓ±“ü‰»Šw—Ö@‚Å‚“x‚È•›ì—p‚ð”F‚ß‚½ê‡CŽŸƒR[ƒX‚Å‚Ì“Š—^—Ê‚ðˆÛŽ‚·‚ׂ«‚©H


„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒh

A
BEP —Ö@‚Í3 TƒTƒCƒNƒ‹‚ʼn”\‚ÈŒÀ‚èŠù’è‚Ì“Š—^—Ê‚ðˆÛŽ‚µ‚Äs‚¤•K—v‚ª‚ ‚éB‚µ‚©‚µCƒuƒŒƒIƒ}ƒCƒVƒ“‚É‚æ‚é”xáŠQ‚ð”F‚ß‚½ê‡‚ÍCˆÈŒã‚̃uƒŒƒIƒ}ƒVƒCƒ“‚ÌŽg—p‚𒆎~‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª„§‚³‚ê‚éB‚Ü‚½C‘OŽ¡—ÂŜ‘—}§‚É‚æ‚éd“Ăȇ•¹Ç‚ð”F‚ß‚½ê‡‚ÍCŽŸƒR[ƒX‚ł̌¸—Ê‚ªl—¶‚³‚ê‚邪C‚±‚ê‚ç‚̇•¹Ç‚ð‰ñ”ð‚·‚é‚½‚ß‚ÉCD’†‹…Œ¸­‚⌌¬”ÂŒ¸­‚ɑ΂·‚éŽxŽ—Ã–@‚ð“KØ‚És‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ªd—v‚Å‚ ‚éB
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•W€“±“ü‰»Šw—Ö@‚Å‚ ‚éBEPiƒuƒŒƒIƒ}ƒVƒCƒ“CƒGƒgƒ|ƒVƒhCƒVƒXƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒ“j—Ö@‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍCƒuƒŒƒIƒ}ƒCƒVƒ“‚É‚æ‚éŠÔŽ¿«”x‰Š‚â”xüˆÛÇ‚ª—Õ°“I‚É‹^‚í‚ꂽꇂ͈Ȍã‚̃uƒŒƒIƒ}ƒVƒCƒ“‚Ì“Š—^‚𒆎~‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª„§‚³‚ê‚é1-3jBŽŸƒR[ƒXˆÈŒã‚Ì“±“ü—Ö@‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍCIGCCC —\Œã—ÇDŒQ‚Å‚ÍEPiƒGƒgƒ|ƒVƒhCƒVƒXƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒ“j—Ö@4j‚ªCIGCCC —\Œã’†ŠÔC•s—ÇŒQ‚Å‚ÍVIPiƒGƒgƒ|ƒVƒhCƒCƒzƒXƒtƒ@ƒ~ƒhCƒVƒXƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒ“j—Ö@5j‚ª‘ã‘ÖŽ¡—ÂƂµ‚Ä‘I‘ð‰Â”\‚Å‚ ‚éB

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y•¶Œ£z

1j Williams SD, Birch R, Einhorn LH, et al. Treatment of disseminated germ-cell tumors with cisplatin, bleomycin, and either vinblastine or etoposide. N Engl J Med. 1987G316F1435-40.iⅡj

2j de Wit R, Roberts JT, Wilkinson PM, et al. Equivalence of three or four cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin chemotherapy and of a 3- or 5- day schedule in good-prognosis germ cell cancerFA randomized study of the European organization for research and treatment of cancer genitourinary tract cancer cooperative group and the medical research council. J Clin Oncol. 2001G19F1629-40.iⅡj

3j Nichols CR, Catalano PJ, Crawford ED et al. Randomized comparison of cisplatin and etoposide and either bleomycin or ifosfamide in treatment of advanced disseminated germ cell tumorsFan Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, Southwest Oncology Group, and Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study. J Clin Oncol. 1998G16F1287-93.iⅡj

4j Culine S, Kerbrat P, Kramar A, et al. Refining the optimal chemotherapy regimen for good-risk metastatic nonseminomatous germ-cell tumorsFa randomized trial of the Genito-Urinary Group of the French Federation of Cancer CentersiGETUG T93BPj. Ann Oncol. 2007G18F917-24.iⅡj

5j Hinton S, Catalano PJ, Einhorn LH, et al. Cisplatin, etoposide and either bleomycin or ifosfamide in the treatment of disseminated germ cell tumorsFfinal analysis of an intergroup trial. Cancer. 2003G97F1869-75.iⅡj

6j Schmoll HJ, Osanto S, Kawai K, et al. Advanced seminoma and nonseminomaFSIU/ICUD Consensus Meeting on Germ Cell TumorsiGCTj, Shanghai 2009. Urology. 2011G78i4 SuppljFS456-68.iⅠj

7j Krege S, Beyer J, Souchon R, et al. European consensus conference on diagnosis and treatment of germ cell cancerFa report of the second meeting of the European Germ Cell Cancer Consensus GroupiEGCCCGjFpart Ⅱ. Eur Urol. 2008G53F497-513.iⅠj

8j Einhorn LH, Foster RS. Bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin for three cycles compared with etoposide and cisplatin for four cycles in good-risk germ cell tumorsFis there a preferred regimen?. J Clin Oncol. 2006G24F2597-8.iⅥj

9j Kintzel PE, Dorr RT. Anticancer drug renal toxicity and eliminationFdosing guidelines for altered renal function. Cancer Treat Rev. 1995G21F33-64.iⅠj

10j Lichtman SM, Wildiers H, Launay-Vacher V, et al. International Society of Geriatric OncologyiSIOGjrecommendations for the adjustment of dosing in elderly cancer patients with renal insufficiency. Eur J Cancer. 2007G43F14-34.iⅠj

11j Toner GC, Stockler MR, Boyer MJ, et al. Comparison of two standard chemotherapy regimens for good-prognosis germ-cell tumoursFa randomised trial. Australian and New Zealand Germ Cell Trial Group. Lancet. 2001G10G357i9258jF739-45.iⅡj


CQ 15

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2j Herr HW, Sheinfeld J, Puc HS, et al. Surgery for a post-chemotherapy residual mass in seminoma. J Urol. 1997G157F860-2.iⅣbj

3j Heidenreich A, Thuüer D, Polyakov S. Postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in advanced germ cell tumours of the testis. Eur Urol. 2008G53F260-74.iⅠj

4j De Santis M, Becherer A, Bokemeyer C, et al. 2-18fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography is a reliable predictor for viable tumor in postchemotherapy seminomaFan update of the prospective multicentric SEMPET trial. J Clin Oncol. 2004G22F 1034-9.iⅣaj

5j Toner GC, Panicek DM, Heelan RT, et al. Adjunctive surgery after chemotherapy for nonseminomatous germ cell tumorsFrecommendations for patient selection. J Clin Oncol. 1990G8F1683-94.iⅣbj

6j Stenning SP, Parkinson MC, Fisher C, et al. Postchemotherapy residual masses in germ cell tumor patientsFcontent, clioncal features, and prognosis. Medical Research Council Testicular Working Party. Cancer. 1998G83i7jF1409-29.iⅣbj

7j Donohue JP, Leviovitch I, Foster RS, et al. Integration of surgery and systemic therapyFresults and principles of integration. Semin Urol Oncol 1998G16F65-71.iⅣbj

8j Steyerberg EW, Keizer HJ, Sleijfer DT, et al. Retroperitoneal metastases in testicular cancerFrole of CT measurements of residual masses in decision making for resection after chemotherapy. Radiology. 2000G215F437-44.iⅣbj

9j Hendry WF, Norman AR, Dearnaley DP, et al. Metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testisFresults of elective and salvage surgery for patients with residual retroperitoneal masses. Cancer. 2002G94F1668-76.iⅣbj

10j Albers P, Weissbach L, Krege S, et al. Prediction of necrosis after chemotherapy of advanced germ cell tumorsFresults of a prospective multicenter trial of the German Testicular Cancer Study Group. J Urol. 2004G171F1835-8.iⅣbj

11j Vergouwe Y, Steyerberg EW, Foster RS, et al. Predicting retroperitoneal histology in postchemotherapy testicular germ cell cancerFa model update and multicentre validation with more than 1000 patients. Eur Urol. 2007G51F424-32.iⅣbj

12j Fox EP, Weathers TD, Williams SD, et al. Outcome analysis for patients with persistent nonseminomatous germ cell tumor in postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissections. J Clin Oncol. 1993G11F1294-9.iⅣbj

13j Logothesis CJ, Samuels ML, Trindade A, et al. The growing teratoma syndrome. Cancer. 1982G50F1629-35.iⅤj

14j Ahmed T, Bosl GJ, Hajdu SI. Teratoma with malignant transformation in germ cell tumors in men. Cancer. 1985G56F860-3.iⅣbj

15j Motzer RJ, Amsterdam A, Prieto V, et al. Teratoma with malignant transformationFdiverse malignant histologies arising in men with germ cell tumors. J Urol. 1998G159F133-8.iⅣbj

16j Donadio AC, Motzer RJ, Bajorin DF, et al. Chemotherapy for teratoma with malignant transformation. J Clin Oncol. 2003G21F4285-91.iⅣbj

17j Fosså SD, Ous S, Lien HH, et al. Post-chemotherapy lymph node histology in radiologically normal patients with metastatic nonseminomatous testicular cancer. J Urol. 1989G141F557-9.iⅣbj

18j Wood DP Jr, Herr HW, Heller G, et al. Distribution of retroperitoneal metastases after chemotherapy in patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. J Urol. 1992G148F1812-6.iⅣbj

19j Rabbani F, Goldenberg SL, Gleave ME, et al. Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy for post-chemotherapy residual massesFis a modified dissection and resection of residual masses sufficient?. Br J Urol. 1998G81F295-300.iⅣbj

20j Ehrlich Y, Yossepowitch O, Kedar D, et al. Distribution of nodal metastases after chemotherapy in nonseminomatous testis cancerFa possible indication for limited dissection. BJU Int. 2006G97F1221-4.iⅣbj

21j Beck SD, Foster RS, Bihrle R, et al. Is full bilateral retroperitoneal lymph node dissection always necessary for postchemotherapy residual tumor?. Cancer. 2007G110F1235-40.iⅣbj

22j Heidenreich A, Pfister D, Witthuhn R, et al. Postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in advanced testicular cancerFradical or modified template resection. Eur Urol. 2009G55F217-24.iⅣbj

23j Baniel J, Foster RS, Rowland RG, et al. Complications of post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. J Urol. 1995G153F976-80.iⅣbj

24j Heidenreich A, Albers P, Hartmann M, et al. Complications of primary nerve sparing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for clinical stage 1 nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testisFexperience of the German Testicular Cancer Study Group. J Urol. 2003G169F1710-14.iⅣbj


Column3

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1j Guidelines on Testicular Cancer, European Association of Urology.

2j NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology, Testicular Cancer.


CQ 16

œis«¸‘ƒŽîᇂɑ΂·‚鉻Šw—Ö@Œã‚ÌŽc‘¶Šà‚ÌŒŸõ‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄCFDG-PET ‚Í„§‚³‚ê‚é‚©H


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is«¸‘ƒŽîᇂɑ΂·‚鉻Šw—Ö@Œã‚ÌŽc‘¶Šà‚ÌŒŸo‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚épositron emission tomographyiPETj‚Ì—LŒø«‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄCƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍCŠ´“xC“ÁˆÙ«C—z«”½‰ž“K’†—¦C‰A«”½‰ž“K’†—¦‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚à—D‚ꂽŽc‘¶ŠàŒŸo”\‚ð—L‚µ‚Ä‚¨‚èC‰»Šw—Ö@Œã‚ÌŽc‘¶Šà‚Ì—L–³‚Ì”»’è‚Ì‚½‚߂ɗp‚¢‚邱‚Ƃ̈́§‚³‚ê‚éB

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y•¶Œ£z

1j De Wit M, Hartmann M, Brenner W, et aml. 18Fn-FDG-PET in germ cell tumors following chemotherapyFResults of the German multicenter trial. ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I. Vol 24, No.@18SiJune 20 Supplementj. 2006G4521.iⅣbj

2j Buchler T, Simonova K, Fencl P, et al. Clinical outcomes of patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumours and negative postchemotherapy positron emission tomography. Cancer Invest. 2012G30i6jF487-92.iⅣbj

3j Spermon, JR, De Geus-Oei LF, Kiemeney LA, et al. The role oif 18jfluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography in initial staging and re-staging aftor ohemotherapy for testicular germ cell tumours. BJU Int. 2002G89i6jF549-56.iⅣbj

4j Sanchez D, Zudaire JJ, Fernandez JM, et al. FDG-PET in the evaluation of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors at relapse. BJU Int 2002G89i9jF912-6.iⅣbj

5j Kollmannsberger C, Oechsle K, Dohmen BM, et al. Prospaective comparison of FDG-PET with conventional assessment by computed tomography scans and serum tumor markers for the evaluation of residual masses in patients with nonseminomatous germ cell carcinoma. Cancer. 2002G94i9jF2353-62.iⅣaj

6j Stephens AW, Gonin R, Hutchins GD, et al. Positron emission tomography evaluation of residual radiographic abnormalities in postchemotherapy germ cell tumor patients. J Clin Oncol. 1996G14i5jF1637-41.iⅣaj

7j Ehrlich Y, Brames MJ, Beck SD, et al. Long-term follow-up of Cisplatin combination chemotherapy in patients with disseminated nonseminomatous germ cell tumorsFis a postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection needed after complete remission?. J Clin Oncol. 2010G28i4jF531-6.iⅣaj

8j Kollmannsberger C, Daneshmand S, So A, et al. Management of disseminated nonseminomatous germ cell tumors with risk-based chemotherapy followed by response-guided postchemotherapy surgery. J Clin Oncol. 2010G28i4jF537-42.iⅣaj

9j Oechsle K, Hartmann M, Brenner W, et al.m18FnFluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in nonseminomatous germ cell tumors after chemotherapyFThe German multicenter positron emission tomography study group. J Clin Oncol. 2008G26i36jF5930-5.iⅣbj

10j De Santis M, Becherer A, Bokemeyer C, et al. 2-18fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography is a reliable predictor for viable tumor in postchemotherapy seminomaFan update of the prospective multicentric SEMPET trial. J Clin Oncol. 2004G22i6jF1034-9.iⅣaj

11j Bachner M, Loriot Y, Gross-Goupil M, et al. 2-18fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomographyiFDG-PETjfor postchemotherapy seminoma residual lesionsFa retrospective validation of the SEMPET trial. Ann Oncol. 2012G23i1jF59-64.iⅣbj

12j John Putra L, Lawrentshuk N, Ballok Z, et al. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in evaluation of germ cell tumor after chemotherapy. Urology. 2004G64i6jF1202-7.iⅣbj

13j Hinz S, Schrader M, Kempkensteffen C, et al. The role of positron emission tomography in the evaluation of residual masses after chemotherapy for advanced stage seminoma. J Urol. 2008G179i3jF936-40.iⅣaj

14j Ganjoo KN, Chan RJ, Sharma M, et al. Positron emission tomography scans in the evaluation of postchemotherapy residual masses in patients with seminoma. J Clin Oncol. 1999G17i11jF3457-60.iⅢj

15j Albers P, Bender H, Yilmaz H, et al. Positron emission tomography in the clinical staging of patients with Stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ testicular germ cell tumors. Urology. 1999G53i4jF808-11.iⅣaj


CQ 17

œis«¸‘ƒŽîᇂɑ΂·‚鉻Šw—Ö@Œã‚ÌŽc‘¶Žîá‡‚ðØœ‚µC•a—Šw“I‚ÉŽc‘¶Šà‚ð”F‚ß‚½ê‡C’ljÁŽ¡—Â̈́§‚³‚ê‚é‚©H


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is«¸‘ƒŽîᇂɑ΂·‚鉻Šw—Ö@Œã‚ÌŽc‘¶Žîá‡Øœ‚ðŽ{s‚µ‚½ÛC35“’ö“x‚ÉŠïŒ`Žî‚ªC‚Ü‚½15“’ö“x‚ÉŠà×–E‚ÌŽc‘¶‚ª‚Ý‚ç‚ê‚éiCQ16 ŽQÆjB‰óŽ€Eá­‰»‘gD‚ł͒ljÁŽ¡—Ö³‚µ‚Å—ÇD‚È—\Œã‚ªŠú‘Ò‚Å‚«‚é1-9jBˆê•ûCteratoma with malignant area ‚âŠà×–E‚ª”F‚ß‚ç‚ꂽꇂɂÍC’ljÁ‰»Šw—Ö@‚Í„§‚³‚ê‚éB

Fox ‚ç‚͉»Šw—Ö@Œã‚̌㕠–ŒƒŠƒ“ƒpߊs´p‚ðŽó‚¯‚½580 —á‚Ì”ñƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚Ì‚¤‚¿CŽc‘¶Šà‚ð”F‚ß‚½133 —á‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄŒã‚ëŒü‚«ŒŸ“¢‚ðs‚¢C•W€“I‰»Šw—Ö@‚ð2 ƒR[ƒX’ljÁ‚µ‚½Ç—á‚Æ–³Ž¡—ÂŌo‰ßŠÏŽ@‚µ‚½Ç—á‚ð”äŠr‚µ‚½ê‡C–¾‚ç‚©‚ɉ»Šw—Ö@‚ð’ljÁ‚µ‚½•û‚ª—\Œã—ÇD‚Å‚ ‚邯•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é10jBKaranikolas ‚ç‚à“¯—l‚ÉC’ljÁ‰»Šw—Ö@‚ðŽó‚¯‚½Š³ŽÒŒQ‚Å—LˆÓ‚É—ÇD‚ȶ‘¶—¦‚ª“¾‚ç‚ꂽ‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é11jBˆê•ûCFizazi ‚ç‚ÍC‰»Šw—Ö@Œã‚ÌŽc‘¶Žîá‡Øœ‘gD’†‚ÉŠà×–E‚ð”F‚ß‚½238 —á‚ɂ‚¢‚ĒljÁ‰»Šw—Ö@‚Ì—L—p«‚ðŒŸ“¢‚µ‚Ä‚¨‚èC‚»‚ê‚É‚æ‚邯IGCCC ‚É‚¨‚¯‚éintermediate prognosis group ‚̂ݒljÁ‰»Šw—Ö@‚Ì—L—p«‚ª”F‚ß‚ç‚êCgood prognosis group ‚âpoor prognosis group ‚ÌǗႳ͗L—p«‚ªØ–¾‚Å‚«‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é12jB

‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ì•ñ‚Í‚·‚ׂČã•ûŽ‹“IŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ ‚邪CŒ»Žž“_‚Å‚ÍC‰»Šw—Ö@Œã‚ÌØœŽc‘¶ŽîᇑgD“à‚ÉŠà×–E‚ð”F‚ß‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍC’ljÁ‰»Šw—Ö@‚ðs‚Á‚½•û‚ª—ÇD‚È—\Œã‚ªŠú‘Ò‚Å‚«‚邯Žv‚í‚êC„§‚³‚ê‚éB

y•¶Œ£z

1j Rabbani F, Goldenberg SL, Gleave ME, et al. Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy for post-chemotherapy residual massesFis a modified dissection and resection of residual masses sufficient?. Br J Urol. 1998G81i2jF295-300.iⅣbj

2j Stenning SP, Parkinson MC, Fisher C, et al. Postchemotherapy residual masses in germ cell tumor patientsFcontent, clioncal features, and prognosis. Medical Research Council Testicular Working Party. Cancer. 1998G83i7jF1409-29.iⅣbj

3j Donohue JP, Leviovitch I, Foster RS, et al. Integration of surgery and systemic therapyFresults and principles of integration. Semin Urol Oncol. 1998G16i2jF65-71.iⅣbj

4j Napier MP, Naraghi A, Christmas TJ, et al. Long-term follow-up of residual masses after chemotherapy in patients with non-seminomatous germ cell tumours. Br J Cancer. 2000G83i10jF1274-80.iⅣbj

5j Hendry WF, Norman AR, Dearnaley DP, et al. Metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testisFresults of elective and salvage surgery for patients with residual retroperitoneal masses. Cancer. 2002G94i6jF1668-76.iⅣbj

6j Oldenburg J, Alfsen GC, Lien HH, et al. Postchemotehrapy retroperitoneal surgery remains necessary in patients with nonseminomatous testicular cancer and minimal residual tumor masses. J Clin Oncol. 2003G21i17jF3310-17.iⅣbj

7j Albers P, Weissbach L, Krege S, et al. Prediction of necrosis after chemotherapy of advanced germ cell tumorsFresults of a prospective multicnter trial of the German Testicular Cancer Study Group. J Urol. 2004G171i5jF1835-8.iⅣbj

8j Muramaki M, Hara I, Miyake H, et al. Clinical outcome of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection after induction chemotherapy for metastatic non-seminomatous germ cell tumors. Int J Urol. 2004G11i9jF763-7.iⅣbj

9j Nonomura N, Nishimura K, Takaha N, et al. Nerve-sparing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for advanced testicular cancer after chemotherapy. Int J Urol. 2002G9i10jF539-44.iⅣbj

10j Fox EP, Weathers TD, Williams SD, et al. Outcome analysis for patients with persistent nonseminomatous germ cell tumor in postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissections. J Clin Oncol. 1993G11i3jF1294-9.iⅣbj

11j Karanikolas N, Serio A. Viable germ cell tumoriGCTjidentified at post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissectioniPCRPLNDjFthe significance of risk assignment and adjuvant chemotherapy. J Urol. 2006G175isuppl 4jF191.iⅣbj

12j Fizazi K, Tjulandin S, Salvioni R, et al. Viable malignant cells after primary chemotherapy for disseminated nonseminomatous germ cell tumorsFprognostic factors and role of postsurgery chemotherapy--results from an international study group. J Clin Oncol. 2001G19i10jF2647-57.iⅣbj


CQ 18

œ‘å—ʉ»Šw—Ö@‚Í“±“ü‰»Šw—Ö@‚â‹~ω»Šw—Ö@‚Æ‚µ‚Ä„§‚³‚ê‚é‚©H


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C2
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y‰ð àz

1990 ”N‘㉓ª‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄCƒVƒXƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒ“’ïR«‚̸‘ƒŽîᇊ³ŽÒ‚É ‘΂·‚é‹~ω»Šw—Ö@‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŽ©‰Æœ‘ˆÚA‚𕹗p‚µ‚½‘å—ʉ»Šw—Ö@iHigh dose chemotherapyFHDCTj‚ªŽŽ‚Ý‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚«‚½B“Š—^–ò܂Ƃµ‚ÄCƒVƒXƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒ“‚æ‚è‚à“¯‚¶ƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒi»Ü‚œЗ^‹K§ˆöŽq‚ªœ‘—}§‚Å‚ ‚éƒJƒ‹ƒ{ƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒ“C‚¨‚æ‚уgƒ|ƒCƒ\ƒƒ‰[ƒ[‘jŠQ–ò‚Å‚ ‚éƒGƒgƒ|ƒVƒh‚Ì2 Ü‚ªL‚­—p‚¢‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚«‚½ihigh dose CEjB‚±‚Ì2 ܂ɃAƒ‹ƒLƒ‹‰»Ü‚Å‚ ‚éƒVƒNƒƒzƒXƒtƒ@ƒ~ƒh‚à‚µ‚­‚̓CƒzƒXƒtƒ@ƒ~ƒh‚ð‰Á‚¦‚½ƒŒƒWƒƒ“‚à‚æ‚­Žg—p‚³‚ê‚Ä‚«‚½ihigh dose CECChigh dose ICEjB‚µ‚©‚µC‚±‚ê‚牊ú‚ÌHDCT ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é•ñ‚Å‚ÍC‘OŽ¡—ªintensive ‚É‚³‚ê‚Ä‚«‚½ƒP[ƒX‚ª‘½‚­C‘Sgó‘Ô‚¨‚æ‚Ñœ‘‹@”\‚ª”敾‚µ‚½ó‘Ԃł͒·Šúа‰ð—¦‚ª13`35“CŽ¡—Ê֘AŽ€‚ª3-13“‚Æ–ž‘«‚·‚ׂ«‚à‚̂Ƃ͂¢‚¦‚È‚©‚Á‚½1-3jB

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HDCT ‚ª’Êí—ʂ̋~ω»Šw—Ö@‚É”ä‚ׂĖ{“–‚É—D‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ì‚©”Û‚©‚ÌŒŸØ‚ÍC‘æ3 ‘Š—Õ°ŽŽŒ±‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄŒŸØ‚³‚ê‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B¡‚܂ł̂Ƃ±‚ëC‚»‚̂悤‚È—Õ°ŽŽŒ±‚Ì•ñ‚Í2 ‚”F‚ß‚ç‚ê‚éB1 ‚‚̓ˆ[ƒƒbƒp‚ð’†S‚Æ‚µ‚½‘½Ž{Ý‹¤“¯Œ¤‹†‚ÅÄ”­‚𗈂µ‚½¸‘ƒŽîᇊ³ŽÒ280 –¼‚ðVIP —Ö@4 ƒR[ƒX‚ÆCVIP —Ö@3 ƒR[ƒX{high dose CECiƒJƒ‹ƒ{ƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒ“CƒGƒgƒ|ƒVƒhCƒVƒNƒƒzƒXƒtƒ@ƒ~ƒhj1 ƒR[ƒX‚Ì2 ŒQ‚ÉU‚蕪‚¯‚½‚à‚̂ł ‚éBŒ‹‰Ê‚ÍC3 ”N޾г“ÁˆÙ“I¶‘¶—¦i35“ vs. 42“j‚¨‚æ‚Ñ‘S¶‘¶—¦i53“ vs. 53“j‚Æ‚à‚É—LˆÓ·‚Í”F‚ß‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B–{—Õ°ŽŽŒ±‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄCHDCT ‚Í1 ƒR[ƒX‚݂̂ł ‚邱‚Æ‚ª–â‘è“_‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŽw“E‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é10jB

‚à‚¤1 ‚‚ÍCƒhƒCƒc‚̃Oƒ‹[ƒv‚É‚æ‚鑿3 ‘Š—Õ°ŽŽŒ±‚ŃVƒXƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒ“‚ð’†S‚Æ‚µ‚½‰»Šw—Ö@‚ðŽ{s‚µ‚½Œã‚ÉCÄ”­‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍŽ¡—Ã’ïR«¸‘ƒŽîᇊ³ŽÒ230 –¼‚ðHDCT •¡”‰ñŒQiVIP —Ö@1 ƒR[ƒX‚Ɉø‚«‘±‚¢‚Ähigh dose CE ‚ð3 ƒR[ƒXŽ{sj‚ÆCHDCT ’P‰ñŒQiVIP —Ö@3 ƒR[ƒX‚Ɉø‚«‘±‚¢‚Ähigh dose CEC ‚ð1 ƒR[ƒXŽ{sj‚Ƃɖ³ìˆ×‚ÉŠ„‚è•t‚¯‚½‚à‚̂ł ‚éBŽå—v•]‰¿€–Ú‚Å‚ ‚é1 ”N‚ł̃Cƒxƒ“ƒgƒtƒŠ[¶‘¶—¦iŽ¡—Ö@‚Ì•ÏXCd“ĂȗLŠQŽ–ÛC•a‹C‚ÌisC——R‚ð–â‚í‚È‚¢Ž€–S‚Ì‚·‚ׂĂðŠÜ‚Þj‚ÍCHDCT •¡”‰ñŒQ‚Å40“CHDCT ’P‰ñŒQ‚Å37“‚Æ—LˆÓ·‚ð”F‚߂Ȃ©‚Á‚½11jB‘o•û‚Ì‘æ3 ‘Š—Õ°ŽŽŒ±‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚æ‚èC‹~ω»Šw—Ö@‚É‚¨‚¯‚éHDCT ‚Ì—L—p«‚ÍØ–¾‚³‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B

ˆê•ûCpoor risk ‚̸‘ƒŽîᇊ³ŽÒ‚ɑ΂µC“±“ü‰»Šw—Ö@‚Æ‚µ‚ÄHDCT ‚𓱓ü‚µ‚悤‚Æ‚·‚鎎‚Ý‚à‚È‚³‚ê‚Ä‚«‚½B‚±‚ê‚ç‚ÌŽ¡—ìтɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍC’·Šúа‰ð—¦‚ª43-73“CŽ¡—Ê֘AŽ€‚Í0-4.5“‚Æ•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é12-14jB

“±“ü—Ö@‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÌHDCT ‚Ì—L—p«‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚鑿3 ‘Š—Õ°ŽŽŒ±‚ÍC¡‚܂ł̂Ƃ±‚ë3 ‚‚̕ñ‚ª‚ ‚éB2007 ”N‚É—\Œã•s—Ǹ‘ƒŽîᇊ³ŽÒiIGCCC ‚Åintemediate ‚à‚µ‚­‚Ípoor prognosisj‚ɑ΂µC4 ƒR[ƒX‚ÌBEP —Ö@in111jŽ{ÝŒQ‚Æ2 ƒR[ƒX‚ÌBEP —Ö@‚Ɉø‚«‘±‚¢‚Ä2 ƒR[ƒX‚Ìhigh dose CECin108j‚ðŽ{s‚·‚é2 ŒQ‚ÉU‚蕪‚¯‚½‘æ3 ‘Š—Õ°ŽŽŒ±‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚ª”­•\‚³‚ꂽ15jB‘w•ʉð͂̌‹‰Ê‚Å‚ÍCŒŒ´ƒ}[ƒJ[‚̉º‚ª‚肪•s—ǂł ‚Á‚½Ç—á‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍHDCT ‚Ì—L—p«‚ª”F‚ß‚ç‚ꂽ‚à‚Ì‚ÌC‘S‘̂Ƃµ‚Ă̌‹‰Ê‚Í1 ”N‚ł̊®‘Sа‰ð—¦‚ªBEP ’P“ÆŒQ‚Í48“CBEP{HDCT —Ö@ŒQ‚Í52“‚ÅC“ŒvŠw“I‚È—LˆÓ·‚Í”F‚ß‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½ip0.53jB

ƒtƒ‰ƒ“ƒX‚̃Oƒ‹[ƒv‚ÍCŒŒ´ƒ}[ƒJ[‚Ì’l‚æ‚èis«‚Æ’è‹`‚³‚ꂽ¸‘ƒŽîᇊ³ŽÒ115 —á‚ðCA ŒQFPVB{ƒGƒgƒ|ƒVƒhiƒVƒXƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒ“‚̂ݔ{—Ê“Š—^j‚ð4 ƒR[ƒXŽ{s‚ÆCB ŒQF‘Oq‚ÌPVB{ƒGƒgƒ|ƒVƒh2 ƒR[ƒXŽ{sŒã‚Éhigh dose CECiƒJƒ‹ƒ{ƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒ“‚ł͂Ȃ­”{—ʂ̃VƒXƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒ“‚ðŽg—pj‚ð2 ƒR[ƒXŽ{s‚·‚é2 ŒQ‚ÉŠ„‚è•t‚¯‚½BŽå—v•]‰¿€–Ú‚Í‘S¶‘¶—¦‚Å—¼ŽÒ‚ÌŠÔ‚É—LˆÓ·‚Í”F‚ß‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½ip0.167jBƒTƒuƒOƒ‹[ƒv‰ð͂̌‹‰ÊCIGCCC ‚Ìintermediate ŒQ‚Å‚Ì5 ”N¶‘¶—¦‚ÍA ŒQ‚Å88“CB ŒQ‚Å82“‚Æ—LˆÓ·‚ð”F‚߂Ȃ©‚Á‚½‚ªCpoor risk ŒQ‚Å‚ÍA ŒQ‚Å69“CB ŒQ‚Å44“‚ÆCHDCT ‚ðŽ{s‚µ‚½ŒQ‚Ì•û‚ª—\Œã•s—ǂł ‚Á‚½ip0.045jB–{—Õ°Œ¤‹†‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚ÍC’Êí—ʉ»Šw—Ö@‚Æ‚µ‚Ä•W€‚Å‚ ‚éBEP —Ö@‚ªŽg—p‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¨‚炸C‚Ç‚¿‚ç‚ÌŒQ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚à”{—ʂ̃VƒXƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒ“‚ªŽg—p‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚È‚ÇC‚¢‚­‚‚©‚Ì–â‘è“_‚ªŽw“E‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é16jB

‚³‚ç‚ÉCƒˆ[ƒƒbƒp‚̃Oƒ‹[ƒv‚ªIGCCC ‚Ìpoor risk ¸‘ƒŽîᇊ³ŽÒ131 —á‚ð’Êí—ÊŒQiBEP —Ö@‚ð4 ƒR[ƒXj‚ÆCHDCT ŒQiVIP1 ƒR[ƒX‚Ɉø‚«‘±‚¢‚Ähigh dose VIPFƒVƒXƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒ“‚̂ݒÊí—Ê‚ð3 ƒR[ƒXj‚ÉŠ„‚è•t‚¯‚½BŽå—v•]‰¿€–Ú‚Í2 ”NŒã‚ÌFailure free survivaliŽ¡—Â̎¸”sC•a‹C‚ÌisC——R‚ð–â‚í‚È‚¢Ž€–Sj‚Å’Êí—ÊŒQ‚Í44.8“CHDCT ŒQ‚Í58.2“‚ÆCHDCT ŒQ‚Ì•û‚ª—ÇD‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½‚ªC“ŒvŠw“I—LˆÓ·‚͂Ȃ©‚Á‚½ip0.060j17jB

‚±‚ê‚ç3 ‚‚̑æ3 ‘Š—Õ°ŽŽŒ±‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚æ‚èC“±“ü‰»Šw—Ö@‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÌHDCT ‚Ì—L—p«‚Í–¾‚ç‚©‚łȂ­Cpoor risk ‚̸‘ƒŽîᇊ³ŽÒ‚ɑ΂·‚éŒ»Žž“_‚ł̕W€“IŽ¡—ÂÍBEP —Ö@4 ƒR[ƒX‚ƂȂÁ‚Ä‚¢‚éB

‚Ü‚Æ‚ß‚é‚ÆC‹~ω»Šw—Ö@‚¨‚æ‚Ñ“±“ü‰»Šw—Ö@‘o•û‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄCHDCT ‚Ì’Êí—ʉ»Šw—Ö@‚ɑ΂·‚é—DˆÊ«‚ÍØ–¾‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚½‚ßC“úí—Õ°‚Æ‚µ‚ă‹[ƒ`ƒ“‚ÉHDCT ‚ðŽ{s‚·‚邱‚Ƃ̈́§‚³‚ê‚È‚¢B

y•¶Œ£z

1j Siegert W, Beyer J, Strohscheer I, et al. High-dose treatment with carboplatin, etoposide, and ifosfamide followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation in relapsed or refractory germ cell cancerFa phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ study. The German Testicular Cancer Cooperative Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 1994G12i6jF1223-31.iⅢj

2j Nichols CR, Andersen J, Lazarus HM, et al. High-dose carboplatin and etoposide with autologous bone marrow transplantation in refractory germ cell cancerFan Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group protocol. J Clin Oncol. 1992G10i4jF558-63.iⅢj

3j Motzer RJ, Mazumdar M, Bosl GJ, et al. High-dose carboplatin, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide for patients with refractory germ cell tumorsFtreatment results and prognostic factors for survival and toxicity. J Clin Oncol. 1996G14i4jF1098-105.iⅢj

4j Henon PR, Liang H, Beck-Wirth G, et al. Comparison of hematopoietic and immune recovery after autologous bone marrow or blood stem cell transplants. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1992G9i4jF285-91.iⅢj

5j Rodenhuis S, de Wit R, de Mulder PH, et al. A multi-center prospective phase Ⅱ study of high-dose chemotherapy in germ-cell cancer patients relapsing from complete remission. Ann Oncol. 1999G10i12jF1467-73.iⅢj

6j Rick O, Beyer J, Kingreen D, et al. High-dose chemotherapy in germ cell tumoursFa large single centre experience. Eur J Cancer. 1998G34i12jF1883-8.iⅢj

7j Margolin BK, Doroshow JH, Ahn C, et al. Treatment of germ cell cancer with two cycles of high-dose ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide with autologous stem-cell support. J Clin Oncol. 1996G14i10jF2631-7.iⅢj

8j Bhatia S, Abonour R, Porcu P, et al. High-dose chemotherapy as initial salvage chemotherapy in patients with relapsed testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2000G18i19jF3346-51.iⅢj

9j Einhorn LH, Williams SD, Chamness A, et al. High-dose chemotherapy and stem-cell rescue for metastatic germ-cell tumors. N Engl J Med. 2007G357i4jF340-8.iⅢj

10j Pico JL, Rosti G, Kramar A, et al. A randomised trial of high-dose chemotherapy in the salvage treatment of patients failing first-line platinum chemotherapy for advanced germ cell tumours. Ann Oncol. 2005G16i7jF1152-9.iⅡj

11j Lorch A, Kollmannsberger C, Hartmann JT, et al. Single versus sequential high-dose chemotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory germ cell tumorsFa prospective randomized multicenter trial of the German Testicular Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2007G25i19jF2778-84.iⅡj

12j Motzer RJ, Mazumdar M, Bajorin DF, et al. High-dose carboplatin, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide with autologous bone marrow transplantation in first-line therapy for patients with poor-risk germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol. 1997G15i7jF2546-52.iⅢj

13j Decatris MP, Wilkinson PM, Welch RS, et al. High-dose chemotherapy and autologous haematopoietic support in poor risk non-seminomatous germ-cell tumoursFan effective first-line therapy with minimal toxicity. Ann Oncol. 2000G11i4jF427-34.iⅢj

14j Schmoll HJ, Kollmannsberger C, Metzner B, et al. Long-term results of first-line sequential high-dose etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin chemotherapy plus autologous stem cell support for patients with advanced metastatic germ cell cancerFan extended phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ study of the German Testicular Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2003G21i22jF4083-91.iⅢj

15j Motzer RJ, Nichols CJ, Margolin KA, et al. Phase Ⅲ randomized trial of conventional-dose chemotherapy with or without high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem-cell rescue as first-line treatment for patients with poor-prognosis metastatic germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2007G25i3jF247-56.iⅡj

16j Droz JP, Kramar A, Biron P, et al. Failure of high-dose cyclophosphamide and etoposide combined with double-dose cisplatin and bone marrow support in patients with high-volume metastatic nonseminomatous germ-cell tumoursFmature results of a randomised trial. Eur Urol. 2007G51i3jF739-46Gdiscussion 47-8.iⅡj

17j Daugaard G, Skoneczna I, Aass N, et al. A randomized phase Ⅲ study comparing standard dose BEP with sequential high-dose cisplatin, etoposide, and ifosfamideiVIPjplus stem-cell support in males with poor-prognosis germ-cell cancer. An intergroup study of EORTC, GTCSG, and Grupo GerminaliEORTC 30974j. Ann Oncol. 2011G22i5jF1054-61.iⅡj


CQ 19

œ‹~ω»Šw—Ö@‚Æ‚µ‚ÄCƒpƒNƒŠƒ^ƒLƒZƒ‹‚ðŠÜ‚ÞƒŒƒWƒƒ“‚Í„§‚³‚ê‚é‚©H


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y•¶Œ£z

1j Motzer RJ, Cooper K, Geller NL, et al. The role of ifosfamide plus cisplatin-based chemotherapy as salvage therapy for patients with refractory germ cell tumors. Cancer. 1990G66F2476-81.iⅣbj

2j Loehrer PJ Sr, Gonin R, Nichols CR, et al. Vinblastine plus ifosfamide plus cisplatin as initial salvage therapy in recurrent germ cell tumor. J Clin Oncol. 1998G16F2500-4.iⅣbj

3j Farhat F, Culine S, Theodore C, et al. Cisplatin and ifosfamide with either vinblastine or etoposide as salvage therapy for refractory or relapsing germ cell tumor patientsFthe Institut Gustave Roussy experience. Cancer. 1996G77F1193-7.iⅣbj

4j Motzer RJ, Bajorin DF, Schwartz LH, et al. Phase Ⅱ trial of paclitaxel shows antitumor activity in patients with previously treated germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol. 1994G12F2277-83.iⅣbj

5j Motzer RJ, Sheinfeld J, Mazumdar M, et al. Paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin second-line therapy for patients with relapsed testicular germ cell cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2000G18F2413-8.iⅣbj

6j Kondagunta GV, Bacik J, Donadio A, et al. Combination of paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin is an effective second-line therapy for patients with relapsed testicular germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2005G23F6549-55.iⅣbj

7j Mead GM, Cullen MH, Huddart R, et al. A phase Ⅱ trial of TIPipaclitaxel, ifosfamide and cisplatinjgiven as second-lineipost-BEPjsalvage chemotherapy for patients with metastatic germ cell cancerFA Medical Research Council trial. Br J Cancer. 2005G93F178-84.iⅣbj

8j Kawai K, Miyazaki J, Tsukamoto S, et al. Paclitaxel, ifosfamide and cisplatin regimen is feasible for Japanese patients with advanced germ cell cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2003G33F127-31.iⅣbj

9j Nonomura N, Miki T, Okuyama A, et al. Paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and nedaplatiniTINjsalvage chemotherapy for patients with advanced germ cell tumors. Int J Urol. 2007G14F527-31.iⅣbj


CQ 20

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1997 ”N‚ÉIGCCC ‚ªì¬‚³‚êCƒŠƒXƒN‚²‚Ƃɓ±“ü‰»Šw—Ö@‚ðs‚¤‚±‚ƂłقڃRƒ“ƒZƒ“ƒTƒX‚ª“¾‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB‚Ü‚½CƒpƒNƒŠƒ^ƒLƒZƒ‹‚ðŠÜ‚ÞTIP —Ö@‚Ì—LŒø«‚ªŠm—§‚³‚ê‚‚‚ ‚錻ÝC1st lineC2nd line —Ö@‚Å‘tŒø‚µ‚È‚©‚Á‚½Š³ŽÒŒQ‚ɑ΂·‚鎡—Ö@‚ÌŠm—§‚ª•K—v‚Å‚ ‚èCƒQƒ€ƒVƒ^ƒrƒ“‚ª—p‚¢‚ç‚ê‚邿‚¤‚ɂȂÁ‚½B

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y•¶Œ£z

1j Bokemeyer C, Gerl A, Schoffski P, et al. Gemcitabinein patients with relapsed or cisplatin-refractory testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1999G17F512-6.iⅣbj

2j Einhorn LH, Stender MJ, Williams SD. Phase Ⅱ trial of gemcitabine in refractory germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol. 1999G17F509-11.iⅣbj

3j Einhorn LH, Brames MJ, Juliar B, et al. Phase Ⅱ study of paclitaxel plus gemcitabine salvage chemotherapy for germ cell tumors after progression following high-dose chemotherapy with tandem transplant. J Clin Oncol. 2007G25F513-6.iⅣbj

4j Hinton S, Catalano P, Einhorn LH, et al. Phase Ⅱ study of paclitaxel plus gemcitabine in refractory germ cell tumorsiE9897jFa trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2002G20F1859-63.iⅣbj

5j Kollmannsberger C, Beyer J, Liersch R, et al. Combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin in patients with intensively pretreated or refractory germ cell cancerFa study of the German Testicular Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2004G22F108-14.iⅣbj

6j Pectasides D, Pectasides M, Farmakis D, et al. Gemcitabine and oxaliplatiniGEMOXjin patientswith cisplatin-refractory germ cell tumorsFa phase Ⅱ study. Ann Oncol. 2004G15F493-7.iⅣbj

7j Mardiak J, Salek T, Sycova-Mila Z, et al. Gemcitabine plus cisplatine and paclitaxeliGCPjin second-line treatment of germ cell tumorsiGCTjFa phase Ⅱ study. Neoplasma. 2005G52F243-7.iⅣbj

8j Nicolai N, Necchi A, Gianni L, et al. Long-term results of a combination of paclitaxel, cisplatin and gemcitabine for salvage therapy in male germ-cell tumours. BJU Int. 2009G104F340-6.iⅣbj

9j Oechsle K, Kollmannsberger C, Honecker F, et al. Long-term survival after treatment with gemcitabine and oxaliplatin with and without paclitaxel plus secondary surgery in patients with cisplatin-refractory and/or multiply relapsed germ cell tumors. Eur Urol. 2011G60F850-5.iⅣbj

10j Shiraishi T, Nakamura T, Mikami K, et al. Salvage chemotherapy with paclitaxel and gemcitabine plus nedaplatiniTGNjas part ofmultidisciplinary therapy in patients with heavily pretreated cisplatin-refractory germ cell tumors. Int J Clin Oncol. 2009G14F436-41.iⅣbj

11j Miki T, Mizutani Y, Nonomura N, et al. Irinotecan plus cisplatin has substantial antitumor effect as salvage chemotherapy against germ cell tumors. Cancer. 2002G95F1879-85.iⅣbj

12j Pectasides D, Pectasides M, Farmakis D, et al. Oxaliplatin and irinotecan plus granulocyte-colony stimulating factor as third-line treatment in relapsed or cisplatin-refractory germ-cell tumor patientsFa phase Ⅱ study. Eur Urol. 2004G46F216-21.iⅣbj

13j Shamash J, Powles T, Mutsvangwa K, et al. A phase Ⅱ study using a topoisomerase I- based approach in patients with multiply relapsed germ-cell tumours. Ann Oncol. 2007G18F925-30.iⅣbj


CQ 21

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‚µ‚©‚µCÄ”­EŽ¡—Ã’ïR«ŽîᇂÌꇂÍ󋵂ª‘å‚«‚­ˆÙ‚È‚éB•W€“I‚È‹~ω»Šw—Ö@‚ÌŽÀŽ{Œã‚É“]ˆÚ‘ƒØœp‚ªs‚í‚ê‚½Š³ŽÒ‚Ì55“‚ÅŽc‘¶Šà‚ð”F‚ß‚½‚Æ•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é1jB‹~ω»Šw—Ö@‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŽÀŽ{‚³‚ꂽ‘å—ʉ»Šw—Ö@Œã‚É“]ˆÚ‘ƒØœp‚ªŽ{s‚³‚ꂽꇂłÍCŽc‘¶Šà‚ð35“‚ÌŠ³ŽÒ‚ÉCŠïŒ`Žî‚âᭉ󎀑gD‚ð65“‚ÌŠ³ŽÒ‚É”F‚ßCŽc‘¶Šà‚̔䗦‚ª’ቺ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é2jB‚³‚ç‚ÉC‹~ω»Šw—Ö@Œã‚Ì“]ˆÚ‘ƒØœ‘gD‚ÅŽc‘¶Šà‚ð”F‚ß‚½Š³ŽÒ‚ÍC‰»Šw—Ö@‚ð’ljÁ‚µ‚Ä‚à—\Œã•s—ǂł ‚é1jBˆê•ûCŠïŒ`Žî‚âᭉ󎀑gD‚Å‚ÍCŠ®‘SØœ‚É‚æ‚莡–ü‚ªŠú‘Ò‚Å‚«‚é3jB‚±‚̂悤‚È“_‚©‚çC—\Œã‚̉ü‘P‚ð–ÚŽw‚·‚É‚ÍC“±“ü‰»Šw—Ö@Œã‚Æ“¯—l‚ÉC‹­—͂ȋ~ω»Šw—Ö@‚ðs‚¢Žîᇃ}[ƒJ[‚ª³í‰»‚·‚ê‚ÎC‘¬‚â‚©‚ÉŽc‘¶•a•ς̊®‘SØœ‚ðs‚¤‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚é4jB

ˆê•ûC‹~ω»Šw—Ö@‚ðs‚Á‚Ä‚àŽîᇃ}[ƒJ[‚ª³í‰»‚µ‚È‚¢ê‡‚ÍCŽc‘¶•a•ÏØœ‚Ì“K‰ž‚͂Ȃ¢‚Æl‚¦‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB‚½‚¾‚µC•a•Ï‚ªŒÀ‹Ç‚µØœ‰Â”\‚Å‚ ‚éꇂÍCŽc‘¶•a•ÏØœidesperation surgeryj‚ªŽÀŽ{‚³‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚ ‚é5, 6jB“Á‚Ɍ㕠–ŒƒŠƒ“ƒp߂ɕa•Ï‚ªŒÀ‹Ç‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éꇂª‚»‚Ì“K‰ž‚Æ‚³‚ê‚é1, 7jB‚Ü‚½CŽîᇃ}[ƒJ[‚ÅAFP ‚’l‚ÌꇂÍChCG ‚’l‚ÌꇂƈقȂèC­‚È‚­‚Æ‚à㸌XŒü‚ª‚È‚¢ê‡‚ÉŒÀ‚èCŽc‘¶•a•ÏØœ‚ðl—¶‚µ‚Ä‚à‚æ‚¢‚Æ‚³‚ê‚é8jB‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ì“_‚ÅCdesperation surgery ‚Ì“K‰ž‚ÍCŒÀ‹Ç«‚̌㕠–Œ•a•Ï‚ð—L‚·‚éÇ—á‚©CØœ‰Â”\‚È•a•Ï‚ð—L‚·‚éAFP ‚’l—á‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ɂȂéB‚±‚ê‚ç‚ÌÇ—á‚Ì‚¤‚¿Cdesperation surgery ‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄŠ®‘SØœ‚ªŽÀŽ{‚³‚êCŽîᇃ}[ƒJ[‚ª³í‰»‚µ‚½Ç—á‚Ŷ‘¶ŠúŠÔ‚ª’·‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ª–{–M‚Ì‹¤“¯Œ¤‹†‚Å•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é8jB‚µ‚©‚µCÄ”­EŽ¡—Ã’ïR«Žîᇂɂ¨‚¯‚é‹~ω»Šw—Ö@Œã‚ÌŽc‘¶ŽîᇓEœi‹~ÏŠO‰È—Ö@j‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚錤‹†‚ÍC‚·‚ׂČã‚ëŒü‚«Œ¤‹†‚©‚çŽÀŽ{‚³‚ꂽ‚à‚Ì‚ÅCƒGƒrƒfƒ“ƒXƒŒƒxƒ‹‚ª‚‚¢‚à‚̂͂Ȃ­C¡Œã‚Ì‚³‚ç‚È‚é—Õ°Œ¤‹†‚ªŠú‘Ò‚³‚ê‚éB

y•¶Œ£z

1j Fox EP, Weathers TD, Williams SD, et al. Outcome analysis for patients with persistent nonteratomatous germ cell tumor in postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. J Clin Oncol. 1993G11F1294-9.iⅣbj

2j Sammler C, Bayer J, Bokemeyer C, et al. Risk factors in germ cell tumour patients with relapse or progressive disease after first-line chemotherapyFevaluation of a prognostic score for survival after high-dose chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2008G44i2jF237-43.iⅣbj

3j Rick O, Bokemeyer C, Christian J, et al. Residual tumor resection after high-dose chemotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory germ cell cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2004G22F3713-9.iⅣbj

4j Eggener SE, Carver BS, Loeb S, et al. Pathologic findings and clinical outcome of patients undergoing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection after multiple chemotherapy regimens for metastatic testicular germ cell tumors. Cancer. 2007G109F528-35.iⅣbj

5j Ravi R, Ong J, Oliver RT, et al. Surgery as salvage therapy in chemotherapy-resistant nonseminomatous germ cell tumours. Br J Urol. 1998G81F884-8.iⅣbj

6j Albers, P, Ganz A, Hanning WD, et al. Salvage surgery of chemorefractory germ cell tumors with elevated tumor markers. J Urol. 2000G164F381-4.iⅣbj

7j Murphy BR, Breeden ES, Donohue JP, et al. Surgical salvage of chemorefractory germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol. 1993G11F324-9.iⅣbj

8j Habuchi T, Kamoto T, Hara I, et al. Factors that influence the results of salvage surgery in patients with chemorefractory germ cell carcinomas with elevated tumor markers. Cancer. 2003G98F1635-42.iⅣbj


CQ 22

œ‰»Šw—Ö@‚ðŠÜ‚ÞWŠw“IŽ¡—ÃŒã”ÓŠúÄ”­—á‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄC‚ǂ̂悤‚ÈŽ¡—ª„§‚³‚ê‚é‚©H


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B
”ÓŠúÄ”­‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚àCŽîᇃ}[ƒJ[‚Ì㸂ª‚Ý‚ç‚êC‚©‚“]ˆÚ‘ƒ‚ªŒÀ‹Ç‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢ê‡‚ÍC‘Sg‰»Šw—Ö@‚ÌŽÀŽ{‚ª„§‚³‚ê‚éB

„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒh

C1
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‰”­Žîᇂɑ΂µŽèpE‰»Šw—Ö@‚ȂǂŊ®‘S‘tŒø‚ƂȂÁ‚½ŒãC2 ”N‚ð’´‚¦‚ÄÄ”­‚µ‚½ê‡C”ÓŠúÄ”­‚Æ’è‹`‚³‚ê‚éB‰¢•Ă̕ñ‚ð‰ðÍ‚µ‚½Œ‹‰ÊC¸‘ƒŽîᇑS‘Ì‚Å2.6“C”ñƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚Å‚Í3.2“CƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚Å‚Í1.4“‚ɔӊúÄ”­‚ª”­¶‚µ‚½‚Æ•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é1, 2jBÄ”­‚ÍC52“‚ÌǗႪŒã• –ŒC15“‚ª”xC12“‚ªcŠuC8“‚ªŒz•”C4“‚ªœ”Õ•”‚É”F‚ß‚ç‚ꂽ‚ªCƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚Æ”ñƒZƒ~ƒm[ƒ}‚Å‚»‚Ì•p“x‚É·‚ª‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚Æ•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é2jB”ÓŠúÄ”­Žîᇂ̕a—‘gD‚ÍCŽîᇂ̫Ši‚©‚çl‚¦‚ç‚ê‚邿‚¤‚ÉCŠïŒ`Žî‚ª–ñ”¼”‚ðè‚߂邯‚³‚ê‚éB‚Ü‚½C–ñ20“‚Í‘BŠà‚≡–䋨“÷Žî‚Ȃǔñãó×–E«‚̈««Žîᇂł ‚邯‚³‚êC”ÓŠúÄ”­‚ÌŽ¡—Â𕡎G‚É‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é3jB

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Ž¡—ÕûjŒˆ’è‚Ì‚½‚ßCˆê”Ê“I‚È“]ˆÚ«¸‘ƒŽîᇂƓ¯—l‚ÉC‚Ü‚¸Žîᇃ}[ƒJ[‚Ì㸂̗L–³‚Æ•a•Ï•”ˆÊ‚ðŠm”F‚·‚éB‚à‚µŽîᇃ}[ƒJ[‚ªã¸‚µC“]ˆÚ‘ƒØœ‚ªs‚¦‚È‚¢‚È‚ç‚ΑSg‰»Šw—Ö@‚ðs‚¤B‚»‚ÌÛC“]ˆÚ‘ƒ‚̶ŒŸ‚ðs‚¢C•a—ŠŒ©‚𓾂邱‚Æ‚ª–]‚Ü‚µ‚¢2jB‰»Šw—Ö@‚ɂ‚¢‚Ă͉‰ñ‰»Šw—Ö@‚Æ“¯—l‚Ì‚à‚Ì‚ð—p‚¢‚Ä‚à—LŒø«‚Í’á‚­CˆÙ‚È‚é‚à‚Ì‚ª•K—v‚Å‚ ‚éBRonnen ‚ç‚ÍC‚±‚ê‚çÇ—á‚ɑ΂µƒpƒNƒŠƒ^ƒLƒZƒ‹CƒCƒzƒXƒtƒ@ƒ~ƒhCƒVƒXƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒ“‚Ì3 Ü•¹—p—Ö@iTIP —Ö@j‚ðŽ{s‚µC”äŠr“I—ÇD‚ÈŽ¡—ìтð•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é5jB

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y•¶Œ£z

1j Gerl A, Clemm C, Schmeller N, et al. Late relapse of germ cell tumors after cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Ann Oncol. 1997G8F41-7.iⅣbj

2j Oldenburg J, Martin JM, Fosså SD. Late relapse of germ cell malignanciesFIncidence, management, and prognosis. J Clin Oncol. 2006G24F5503-11.iⅣbj

3j Michael H, Lucia J, Foster RS, et al. The pathology of late recurrence of testicular germ cell tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000G24F257-73.iⅣbj

4j Mayer F, Wermann H, Albers P, et al. Histopathological and molecular features of late relapses in non-seminomas. BJU Int 2011G107F936-43.iⅣbj

5j Ronnen EA, Kondagunta GV, Bacik J, et al. Incidence of late-relapse germ cell tumor and outcome to salvage chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2005G23F6999-7004.iⅣbj

6j Muramaki M, Hara I, Miyake H, et al. Clinical study of six cases showing late relapse of germ cell tumors. Int J Urol. 2005G12F855-8.iⅤj

7j Geldart TR, Gale J, McKendrick J, et al. Late relapse of metastatic testicular nonseminomatous germ cell cancerFsurgery is needed for cure. BJU Int. 2006G98F353-8.iⅣbj


CQ 23

œ”]“]ˆÚÇ—á‚Å‚ÍC‚ǂ̂悤‚ÈŽ¡—ª„§‚³‚ê‚é‚©H


„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒh

B
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IGCCCGiInternational Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Groupj‚Ì•ñ‚Å‚Í1jC“]ˆÚ«¸‘ƒŽîá‡Ç—á‚Ì1.2“‚ª”]“]ˆÚ‚𔺂Á‚Ä‚¢‚邯‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¨‚èC‘½”‚̸‘ƒŽîá‡Ç—á‚ÌŽ¡—Âðs‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éŽ{݂łà”]“]ˆÚÇ—á‚ÌŒoŒ±”‚ÍŒÀ‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB‚µ‚½‚ª‚Á‚ÄCŒã‚ëŒü‚«‚ÉŒŸ“¢‚³‚ꂽǗáWÏŒ^ƒŒƒ|[ƒg‚ðŽQl‚É‚¹‚´‚é‚ð‚¦‚È‚¢B

Lester ‚ç‚Í22 —á‚Ì”]“]ˆÚÇ—á‚ð•ñ‚µC‚»‚Ì‚¤‚¿‰”­Žž‚©‚ç”]“]ˆÚ‚ª‚ ‚éÇ—áC“±“ü—Ö@iPVB —Ö@j‚ÅCR ‚𓾂ç‚ꂽŒã‚Ì”]‚݂̂ւ̓]ˆÚÇ—á‚͉»Šw—Ö@C•úŽËü—Ö@i‘S”]ÆŽËjCŽèp—Ö@‚ð‘g‚݇‚킹‚ÄªŽ¡‚ð–ÚŽw‚µ‚ÄCϋɓI‚ÈŽ¡—Ã‚ð‚·‚×‚«‚Æ‚µ‚½2jB

Bokemeyer ‚ç‚Í44 —á‚Ì”]“]ˆÚÇ—á‚ɑ΂µC①ƒVƒXƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒ“‚ðŠÜ‚Þ‰»Šw—Ö@’P“ÆC②•úŽËü—Ö@i‘S”]ÆŽË30-45 Gy/20-25 frj’P“ÆC③Žèp—Ö@’P“ÆC④‰»Šw—Ö@{•úŽËü—Ö@C⑤‰»Šw—Ö@{•úŽËü—Ö@{Žèp—Ö@‚ðs‚Á‚½BŽ¡—Õû–@‚¾‚¯‚©‚猩‚½¬Ñ‚ÍC⑤‚ªÅ‚à—ÇD‚Å’†‰›’l144 ƒJŒŽ‚̶‘¶ŠúŠÔ‚ª“¾‚ç‚ꂽ‚ªC②E③‚Í—\Œã•s—ǂł ‚Á‚½B’P•ϗʉð͂ɂæ‚錟“¢‚ł͉fŽž‚©‚ç‚Ì”]“]ˆÚC’P”­‚Ì”]“]ˆÚ‘ƒC‰»Šw—Ö@‚Æ•úŽËü—Ö@‚Ì•¹—p‚Ì3 €–Ú‚ª—LˆÓ‚É—\Œã—ÇDˆöŽq‚ƂȂÁ‚½3jB

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y•¶Œ£z

1j International Germ-Cell Cancer Collaborative Group. International Germ-Cell Consensus ClassificationFA prognostic factor-based staging system for metastatic germ-cell tumors. J Clin Oncol. 1997G15F594-603.iⅤj

2j Lester SG, Morphis‡U JG, Hornback NB, et al. Brain metastases and Testicular TumorsFNeed for Aggressive Therapy. J Clin Oncol. 1984G2F1397-1403.iⅣaj

3j Bokemeyer C, Nowak P, Haupt A, et al. Treatment of brain metastases in patients with testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1997G15i4jF1449-54.iⅣaj

4j Fosså SD, Bokemeyer C, Gerl A, et al. Treatment outcome of patients with brain metastases from malignant germ cell tumors. Cancer. 1999G85i4jF988-97.iⅣaj

5j Kollmannsberger C, Nichols C, Bamberg M, et al. First-line high-dose chemotherapy}radiation therapy in patients with metastatic germ-cell cancer and brain metastases. Ann Oncol. 2000G11i5jF553-9.iⅣaj


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1j von der Maase H, Specht L, Jacobsen GK, et al. Surveillance following orchidectomy for stage Ⅰ seminoma of the testis. Eur J Cancer. 1993G29AF1931-4.iⅣaj

2j Choo R, Thomas G, Woo T, et al. Long-term outcome of postorchiectomy surveillance for Stage Ⅰ testicular seminoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005G61F736-40.iⅣaj

3j Cummins S, Yau T, Huddart R, et al. Surveillance in stage Ⅰ seminoma patientsFa long-term assessment. Eur Urol. 2010G57F673-8.iⅣaj

4j Warde P, Specht L, Horwich A, et al. Prognostic factors for relapse in stage Ⅰ seminoma managed by surveillanceFa pooled analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2002G20F4448-52.iⅣaj

5j Chung P, Parker C, Panzarella T, et al. Surveillance in stage Ⅰ testicular seminoma-risk of late relapse. Can J Urol. 2002G9F1637-40.iⅣaj

6j Tolan S, Vesprini D, Jewett MA, et al. No role for routine chest radiography in stage Ⅰ seminoma surveillance. Eur Urol. 57F474-9.iⅣaj

7j Horwich A, Alsanjari N, AfHern R, et al. Surveillance following orchidectomy for stage Ⅰ testicular seminoma. Br J Cancer. 1992G65F775-8.iⅣaj

8j Santoni R, Barbera F, Bertoni F, et al. Stage Ⅰ seminoma of the testisFa bi-institutional retrospective analysis of patients treated with radiation therapy only. BJU Int. 2003G92F47-52Gdiscussion 52.iⅣaj

9j Jones WG, Fosså SD, Mead GM, et al. Randomized trial of 30 versus 20 Gy in the adjuvant treatment of stage Ⅰ Testicular SeminomaFa report on Medical Research Council Trial TE18, European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Trial 30942iISRCTN18525328j. J Clin Oncol. 2005G23F1200-8.iⅡj

10j Oliver RT, Mead GM, Rustin GJ, et al. Randomized trial of carboplatin versus radiotherapy for stage Ⅰ seminomaFmature results on relapse and contralateral testis cancer rates in MRC TE19/EORTC 30982 studyiISRCTN27163214j. J Clin Oncol. 2011G29F957-62.iⅡj

11j Mead GM, Fosså SD, Oliver RT, et al. Randomized trials in 2466 patients with stage Ⅰ seminomaFpatterns of relapse and follow-up. J Natl Cancer Inst 2011G103F241-9.iⅡj

12j Skliarenko J, Vesprini D, Warde P. Stage Ⅰ seminomaFwhat should a practicing uro-oncologist do in 2009?. Int J Urol. 2009G16F544-51.

13j Fosså SD, Horwich A, Russell JM, et al. Optimal planning target volume for stage Ⅰ testicular seminomaFA Medical Research Council randomized trial. Medical Research Council Testicular Tumor Working Group. J Clin Oncol. 1999G17F1146.iⅡj

14j Albers P, Albrecht W, Algaba F, et al. EAU guidelines on testicular cancerF2011 update. Eur Urol. 60F304-19.

15j Oldenburg J, Fosså SD, Nuver J, et al. Testicular seminoma and non-seminomaFESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2013GSupple 6F125-32.

16j National Comprehensive Cancer NetworkiNCCNj. org. NCCN Clinical practice guidelines in oncologyFtesticular cancer. Ver.@1. 2014.

17j Travis LB, Fosså SD, Schonfeld SJ, et al. Second cancers among 40,576 testicular cancer patientsFfocus on long-term survivors. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005G97F1354-65.iⅣaj

18j Zagars GK, Ballo MT, Lee AK, Strom SS. Mortality after cure of testicular seminoma. J Clin Oncol. 2004G22F640-7.iⅣaj

19j Fosså SD, Chen J, Schonfeld SJ, et al. Risk of contralateral testicular cancerFa population-based study of 29,515 U.@S. men. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005G97F1056-66.iⅣaj


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*uChoueiri TK, Stephenson AJ, Gilligan T, et al. Management of clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous germ cell testicular cancer. Urol Clin North Am. 2007G34F137-48v, uNCCN Guidelines Version 1.2012 Testicular Cancer. 2012v‚æ‚èˆø—p

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y•¶Œ£z

1j Jones RH, Vasey PA. Part ‡TFtesticular cancer--management of early disease. Lancet Oncol. 2003G4F730-7.iⅣaj

2j Divrik RT, Akdoğan B, Ozen H, et al. Outcomes of surveillance protocol of clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous germ cell tumors-is shift to risk adapted policy justified? J Urol. 2006G176F1424-29Gdiscussion 1429-30.iⅣbj

3j Gels ME, Hoekstra HJ, Sleijfer DT, et al. Detection of recurrence in patients with clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors and consequences for further follow-upFa single-center 10-year experience. J Clin Oncol. 1995G13F1188-94.iⅣaj

4j Colls BM, Harvey VJ, Skelton L, et al. Late results of surveillance of clinical stage Ⅰ non-seminoma germ cell testicular tumoursF17 yearsfexperience in a national study in New Zealand. BJU Int. 1999G83F76-82.iⅣaj

5j Read G, Stenning SP, Cullen MH, et al. Medical Research Council prospective study of surveillance for stage Ⅰ testicular teratoma. Medical Research Council Testicular Tumors Working Party. J Clin Oncol. 1992G10F1762-8.iⅣaj

6j Choueiri TK, Stephenson AJ, Gilligan T, et al. Management of clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous germ cell testicular cancer. Urol Clin North Am. 2007G34F137-48.iⅠj

7j Oliver RT, Ong J, Shamash J, et al. Long-term follow-up of Anglian Germ Cell Cancer Group surveillance versus patients with Stage 1 nonseminoma treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Urology. 2004G63F556-61.iⅣaj

8j Sharir S, Foster RS, Donohue JP, et al. What is the appropriate follow-up after treatment? Semin Urol Oncol. 1996G14F45-53.iⅣaj

9j Segal R. Surveillance programs for stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis. Urol Oncol. 2006G24F68-74.iⅣaj

10j Rustin GJ, Mead GM, Stenning SP, et al. Randomized trial of two or five computed tomography scans in the surveillance of patients with stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testisFMedical Research Council Trial TE08, ISRCTN56475197--the National Cancer Research Institute Testis Cancer Clinical Studies Group. J Clin Oncol. 2007G25F1310-5.iⅡj

11j Pont J, Albrecht W, Postner G, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy for high-risk clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous testicular germ cell cancerFlong-term results of a prospective trial. J Clin Oncol. 1996G14F441-8.iⅣaj

12j Studer UE, Fey MF, Calderoni A, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy after orchiectomy in high-risk patients with clinical stage Ⅰ non-seminomatous testicular cancer. Eur Urol. 1993G23F444-9.iⅣaj

13j Albers P, Siener R, Krege S, et al. Randomized phase Ⅲ trial comparing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection with one course of bleomycin and etoposide plus cisplatin chemotherapy in the adjuvant treatment of clinical stage Ⅰ Nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumorsFAUO trial AH 01/94 by the German Testicular Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2008G26F2966-72.iⅡj

14j Cullen MH, Stenning SP, Parkinson MC, et al. Short-course adjuvant chemotherapy in high-risk stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testisFa Medical Research Council report. J Clin Oncol. 1996G14F1106-13.iⅣaj

15j McLeod DG, Weiss RB, Stablein DM, et al. Staging relationships and outcome in early stage testicular cancerFa report from the Testicular Cancer Intergroup Study. J Urol. 1991G145F1178-83Gdiscussion 1182-3.iⅣaj

16j Williams SD, Stablein DM, Einhorn LH, et al. Immediate adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation with treatment at relapse in pathological stage Ⅱ testicular cancer. N Engl J Med. 1987G317F1433-8.iⅡj


CQ 26

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y•¶Œ£z

1j Albers P. Resection of retroperitoneal residual tumor after chemotherapy for testicular cancer indication and surgical techniques. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2004G50F79-85.iⅣaj

2j Warde P, Huddart R, Bolton D, et al. Management of localized seminoma, stageⅠ-ⅡFSIU/ICUD Consensus Meeting on Germ Cell TumorsiGCTj, Shanghai 2009. Urology. 2011G78i4 SuppljFS435-43.

3j De Santis M, Becherer A, Bokemeyer C, et al. 2-18fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography is a reliable predictor for viable tumor in postchemotherapy seminomaFan update of the prospective multicentric SEMPET trial. J Clin Oncol. 2004G22F 1034-9.iⅣaj

4j Becherer A, De Santis M, Karanikas G, et al. FDG PET is superior to CT in the prediction of viable tumour in post-chemotherapy seminoma residuals. Eur J Radiol. 2005G54F284-8.iⅣaj

5j Spiess PE, Kassouf W, Brown GA, et al. Surgical management of growing teratoma syn-dromeFthe M.@D. Anderson cancer center experience. J Urol. 2007G177F1330-4.iⅣaj

6j Spiess PE, Pisters LL, Liu P, et al. Malignant transformation of testicular teratomaFa chemoresistant phenotype. Urol Oncol. 2008G26F595-9.iⅣaj

7j Steyerberg EW, Keizer HJ, Fosså SD, et al. Prediction of residual retroperitoneal mass histology after chemotherapy for metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumourFmultivariate analysis of individual patient data from six study groups. J Clin Oncol. 1995G13F1177-87.iⅣaj

8j Sheinfeld J. The role of adjunctive postchemotherapy surgery for nonseminomatous germ-cell tumorsFcurrent concepts and controversies. Semin Urol Oncol. 2002G20F262-71.iⅣaj

9j Hendry WF, AfHern RP, Hetherington JW, et al. Para-aortic lymphadenectomy after chemotherapy for metastatic non-seminomatous germ cell tumoursFprognostic value and therapeutic benefit. Br J Urol. 1993G71F208-13.iⅣaj

10j Hendry WF, Norman AR, Dearnaley DP, et al. Metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testisFresults of elective and salvage surgery for patients with residual retroperitoneal masses. Cancer. 2002G94F1668-76.iⅣbj

11j Steyerberg EW, Kaiser HJ, Habbema JD. Prediction models for the histology of residual masses after chemotherapy for metastatic testicular cancer. ReHiT Study Group. Int J Cancer. 1999G83F856-9.iⅣaj

12j Carver BS, Shayegan B, Serio A, et al. Long-term clinical outcome after postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in men with residual teratoma. J Clin Oncol. 2007G25F1033-7.iⅣaj

13j Fizazi K, Tjulandin S, Salvioni R, et al. Viable malignant cells after primary chemotherapy for disseminated nonseminomatous germ cell tumorsFprognostic factors and role of postsurgery chemotherapy--results from an international study group. J Clin Oncol. 2001G19F2647-57.iⅣbj

14j Fizazi K, Oldenburg J, Dunant A, et al. Assessing prognosis and optimizing treatment in patients with postchemotherapy viable nonseminomatous germ-cell tumorsiNSGCTjFresults of the sCR2 international study. Ann Oncol. 2008G19F259-64.iⅣaj

15j Fosså SD, Ous S, Lien HH, et al. Post-chemotherapy lymph node histology in radiologically normal patients with metastatic nonseminomatous testicular cancer. J Urol. 1989G141F557-9.iⅣbj

16j Kuczyk M, Machtens S, Stief C, et al. Management of the post-chemotherapy residual mass in patients with advanced stage non-seminomatous germ cell tumorsiNSGCTj. Int J Cancer. 1999G83F852-5.iⅣaj

17j Toner GC, Panicek DM, Heelan RT, et al. Adjunctive surgery after chemotherapy for nonseminomatous germ cell tumorsFrecommendations for patient selection. J Clin Oncol 1990G8F1683-94.iⅣaj

18j Katz MH, McKiernan JM. Management of non-retroperitoneal residual germ cell tumor masses. Urol Clin North Am. 2007G34F235-43.iⅣaj

19j Kollmannsberger C, Daneshmand S, So A, et al. Management of disseminated nonseminomatous germ cell tumors with risk-based chemotherapy followed by response-guided postchemotherapy surgery. J Clin Oncol. 2010G28F537-42.iⅣaj

20j Ehrlich Y, Brames MJ, Beck SD, et al. Long-term follow-up of Cisplatin combination chemotherapy in patients with disseminated nonseminomatous germ cell tumorsFis a postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection needed after complete remission? J Clin Oncol. 2010G28F531-6.iⅣaj

21j Classen J, Schmidberger H, Meisner C, et al. Radiotherapy for stages ⅡA/B testicular seminomaFfinal report of a prospective multicenter clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 2003G21F1101-6.iⅢj

22j Chung PW, Gospodarowicz MK, Panzarella T, et al. Stage Ⅱ testicular seminomaFpatterns of recurrence and outcome of treatment. Eur Urol. 2004G45F754-9.iⅣaj

23j Sharir S, Foster RS, Donohue JP, et al. What is the appropriate follow-up after treatment?. Semin Urol Oncol. 1996G14F45-53.iⅣaj


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y•¶Œ£z

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7j Oosterhuis JW, Stoop H, Honecker F, et al. Why human extragonadal germ cell tumors occur in the midline of the bodyFold concepts, new perspectives. Int J Androl. 2007G30F256-64.

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10j Nichols CR, Roth BJ, Heerema N, et al. Hematologic neoplasia associated with primary mediastinal germ-cell tumors. N Engl J Med. 1990G322F1425-9.iⅤj

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y•¶Œ£z

1j Bokemeyer C, Droz JP, Horwich A, et al. Extragonadal seminomaFan international multicenter analysis of prognostic factors and long term treatment outocome. Cancer. 2001G91F1394-401.iⅣbj

2j International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group. International germ cell consensus classificationFa prognostic factor-based staging system for metastatic germ cell cancers. J Clin Oncol. 1997G15F594-603.iⅤj

3j Jain KK, Bosl GJ, Bains MS, et al. The treatment of extragonadal seminoma. J Clin Oncol. 1984G2F820-827.iⅤj

4j Bokemeyer C, Nichols CR, Droz JP, et al. Extragonadal germ cell tumors of the mediastinum and retrpperitoneumFresults from an international analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2002G20F1864-73.iⅣbj

5j de Wit R, Wilkinson PM, de Mulder PHM, et al. Equivalence of three or four cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin chemotherapy and of a 3- or 5- day schedule in good-prognosis germ cell cancerFa randomized study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genitourinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group and the Medical Research Council. J Clin Oncol. 2001G19F1629-40.iⅡj

6j Culine S, Kerbrat P, Kramar A, et al. Refining the optimal chemotherapy regimen for good-risk metastatic nonseminomatous germ-cell tumorsFa randomized trial of the Genito-Urinary Group of the French Federation of Cancer CentersiGETUG T93BPj. Ann Oncol. 2007G18F917-24.iⅡj

7j de Wit R, Skoneczna I, Daugaard G, et al. Randomized phase Ⅲ study comparing paclitaxel-bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatiniBEPjto standard BEP in intermediate-prognosis germ-cell cancerFIntergroup Study EORTC 30983. J Clin Oncol. 2012G30F792-9.iⅡj

8j Puc HS, Heelan R, Mazumdar M, et al. Management of residual mass in advanced seminomaFresults and recommendations from the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. J Clin Oncol. 1996G14F454-60.iⅤj

9j Santis MD, Becherer A, Bokemeyer C, et al. 2-18fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography Is a Reliable Predictor for Viable tumor in postchemotherapy seminomaFan update of the prospective multicentric SEMPET Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2004G22F1034-9.iⅢj

10j Culine S, Kramar A, Theodore C, et al. Randomized trial comparing bleomycin/etoposide/cisplatin with alternating cisplatin/cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin and vinblastine/bleomycin regimens of chemotherapy for patients with intermediate-and poor-risk metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumorsFGenito-Urinary Group of the French Federation of Cancer Centers Trial T93MP. J Clin Oncol. 2008G26F421-7.iⅡj

11j Daugaard G, Skoneczna I, Aass N, et al. A randomized phase Ⅲ study comparing standard dose BEP with sequential high-dose cisplatin, etoposide, and ifosfamideiVIPjplus stem-cell support in males with poor-prognosis germ-cell cancer. An intergroup study of EORTC, GTCSG, and Grupo GerminaliEORTC 30974j. Ann Oncol. 2011G22F1054-61.iⅡj

12j de Wit R, Stoter G, Sleijfer DTh, et al. Four cycles of BEP vs four cycles of VIP in patients with intermediate-prognosis metastatic testicular non-seminomaFa randomized study of the EORTC Genitourinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group. Br J Cancer. 1998G78F828-32.iⅡj

13j Hinton S, Catalano PJ, Einhorn LH, et al. Cisplatin, etoposide and wither bleomycin or ifosfamide in the treatment of disseminated germ cell tumorsFfinal analysis of an intergroup trial. Cancer. 2003G97F1869-75.iⅡj

14j Kesler KA, Rieger KM, Hammoud ZT, et al. A 25-year single institution experience with surgery for primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008G85F371-8.iⅤj

15j Kesler KA, Patel JB, Kruter LE, et al. Theegrowing teratoma syndromefin primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumorsFcriteria based on current practice. J Cardiovasc Surg. 2012G144F438-43.iⅤj


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y•¶Œ£z

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2j Travis LB, Fosså SD, Schonfeld SJ, et al. Second cancers among 40,576 testicular cancer patientsFfocus on long-term survivors. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005G97F1354-65.iⅣaj

3j Abouassaly R, Fosså SD, Giwercman A, et al. Sequelae of treatment in long-term survivors of testis cancer. Eur Urol. 2011G60F516-26.iⅠj

4j Schairer C, Hisada M, Chen BE, et al. Comparative mortality for 621 second cancers in 29356 testicular cancer survivors and 12420 matched first cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007G99F1248-56.iⅣaj

5j van den Belt-Dusebout AW, de Wit R, Gietema JA, et al. Treatment-specific risks of second malignancies and cardiovascular disease in 5-year survivors of testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007G25F4370-8.iⅣaj

6j Richiardi L, Scélo G, Boffetta P, et al. Second malignancies among survivors of germ-cell testicular cancerFa pooled analysis between 13 cancer registries. Int J Cancer. 2007G120F623-31.iⅣaj

7j Pui CH, Ribeiro RC, Hancock ML, et al. Acute myeloid leukemia in children treated with epipodophyllotoxins for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1991G325F1682-7.iⅣbj

8j van den Belt-Dusebout AW, Nuver J, de Wit R, et al. Long-term risk of cardiovascular disease in 5-year survivors of testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006G20G24F467-75.iⅣaj

9j Fosså SD, Gilbert E, Dores GM, et al. Noncancer causes of death in survivors of testicular cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007G99F533-44.iⅣaj

10j Zagars GK, Ballo MT, Lee AK, et al. Mortality after cure of testicular seminoma. J Clin Oncol. 2004G22F640-7.iⅣaj

11j Haugnes HS, Wethal T, Aass N, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors and morbidity in long-term survivors of testicular cancerFa 20-year follow-up study. J Clin Oncol. 2010G28F4649-57.iⅣaj

12j Fosså SD, Aass N, Winderen M, et al. Long-term renal function after treatment for malignant germ-cell tumours. Ann Oncol. 2002G13F222-8.iⅢj

13j Brillet G, Deray G, Jacquiaud C, et al. Long-term renal effect of cisplatin in man. Am J Nephrol. 1994G14i2jF81-4.iⅤj

14j Hartmann JT, Kollmannsberger C, Kanz L, et al. Platinum organ toxicity and possible prevention in patients with testicular cancer. Int J Cancer. 1999G83F866-9.iⅣbj

15j Bosl GJ, Leitner SP, Atlas SA, et al. Increased plasma renin and aldosterone in patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy for metastatic germ-cell tumors. J Clin Oncol. 1986G4F1684-9.iⅤj

16j Bokemeyer C, Berger CC, Kuczyk MA, et al. Evaluation of long-term toxicity after chemotherapy for testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1996G14F2923-32.iⅣbj

17j Biro K, Noszek L, Prekopp P, et al. Characteristics and risk factors of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in testicular cancer patients detected by distortion product otoacoustic emission. Oncology. 2006G70F177-84.iⅣbj

18j Fosså SD, de Wit R, Roberts JT, et al. Quality of life in good prognosis patients with metastatic germ cell cancerFa prospective study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genitourinary Group/Medical Research Council Testicular Cancer Study Groupi30941/TE20j. J Clin Oncol. 2003G21F1107-18.iⅡj

19j Wit RD, Skoneczna I, Daugaard G, et al. Randomized Phase Ⅲ Study Comparing Paclitaxel-Bleomycin, Etoposide, and CisplatiniBEPjto Standard BEP in Intermediate-Prognosis Germ-Cell CancerFIntergroup Study EORTC 30983. J Clin Oncol. 2012G30F792-9.iⅣaj

20j Glendenning JL, Barbachano Y, Norman AR, et al. Long-term neurologic and peripheral vascular toxicity after chemotherapy treatment of testicular cancer. Cancer. 2010G116F2322-31.iⅢj

21j Haugnes HS, Aass N, Fosså SD, et al. Components of the metabolic syndrome in long-term survivors of testicular cancer. Ann Oncol. 2007G18F241-8.iⅣaj

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25j von Rohr L, Klaeser B, Joerger M, et al. Increased pulmonary FDG uptake in bleomycin-associated pneumonitis. Onkologie. 2007G30F320-3.iⅤj


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