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1j “ú–{”å”AŠí‰ÈŠw‰ïC“ú–{•a—Šw‰ïC“ú–{ˆãŠw•úŽËüŠw‰ïi•ÒjFtá±E”AŠÇEäNã÷ŠàŽæˆµ‚¢‹K–ñi‘æ‚P”ÅjD‹àŒ´o”ÅC“Œ‹žC2011D
2j Huben RP, Mounzer AM, Murphy GP. Tumor grade and stage as prognostic variables in upper tract urothelial tumors. Cancer. 1988; 62: 2016-20.
3j Anderström C, Johansson SL, Pettersson S, Wahlqvist L. Carcinoma of the ureter: a clinicopathologic study of 49 cases. J Urol. 1989; 142: 280-3.
4j Greenlee RT, Murray T, Bolden S, Wingo PA. Cancer statistics, 2000. CA Cancer J Clin. 2000; 50: 7-33.
5j Hall MC, Womack S, Sagalowsky AI, Carmody T, Erickstad MD, Roehrborn CG. Prognostic factors, recurrence, and survival in transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: a 30-year experience in 252 patients. Urology. 1998; 52: 594-601.
6j ‹e’n‰hŽŸC‘副ŠîŽkDtá±”AŠÇŽîá‡CƒxƒbƒhƒTƒCƒh”å”AŠí‰ÈŠwi‰ü’ù‘æ‚S”ÅjC‹g“cCiŠÄjD“ì]“°C“Œ‹žC2013.
7j
8j McLaughlin JK, Silverman DT, Hsing AW, et al. Cigarette smoking and cancers of the renal pelvis and ureter. Cancer Res. 1992; 52: 254-7.
9j Brenner DW, Schellhammer PF. Upper tract urothelial malignancy after cyclophosphamide therapy: a case report and literature review. J Urol. 1987; 137: 1226-7.
10j McCredie M, Stewart JH, Carter JJ, Turner J, Mahony JF. Phenacetin and papillary necrosis: independent risk factors for renal pelvic cancer. Kidney Int. 1986; 30: 81-4.
11j Nortier JL, Martinez MC, Schmeiser HH, et al. Urothelial carcinoma associated with the use of a Chinese herb iAristolochia fangchij. N Engl J Med. 2000; 342: 1686-92.
12j Petković SD. Epidemiology and treatment of renal pelvic and ureteral tumors. J Urol. 1975; 114: 858-65.
13j Radovanović Z, Krajinović S, Janković S, Hall PW, Petković S. Family history of cancer among cases of upper urothelial tumours in a Balkan nephropathy area. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1985; 110: 181-3.
14j Habuchi T. Origin of multifocal carcinomas of the bladder and upper urinary tract: molecular analysis and clinical implications. Int J Urol. 2005; 12: 709-16.
CQ1
‹i‰Œ‚ðŠÜ‚ßtá±E”AŠÇŠà‚̊댯ˆöŽq‚ɂ͂ǂ̂悤‚È‚à‚Ì‚ª‚ ‚é‚©?
Answer
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ŽQl•¶Œ£
1j McLaughlin JK, Silverman DT, Hsing AW, et al. Cigarette smoking and cancers of the renal pelvis and ureter. Cancer Res. 1992; 52: 254-7.
2j Colin P, Koenig P, Ouzzane A, et al. Environmental factors involved in carcinogenesis of urothelial cell carcinomas of the upper urinary tract. BJU Int. 2009; 104: 1436-40.
3j Rouprêt M, Babjuk M, Compérat E, et al. European guidelines on upper tract urothelial carcinomas: 2013 update. Eur Urol. 2013; 63: 1059-71.
4j Shinka T, Miyai M, Sawada Y, Inagaki T, Okawa T. Factors affecting the occurrence of urothelial tumors in dye workers exposed to aromatic amines. Int J Urol. 1995; 2: 243-8.
5j Pommer W, Bronder E, Klimpel A, Helmert U, Greiser E, Molzahn M. Urothelial cancer at different tumour sites: role of smoking and habitual intake of analgesics and laxatives. Results of the Berlin Urothelial Cancer Study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1999; 14: 2892-7.
6j Grollman AP, Shibutani S, Moriya M, et al. Aristolochic acid and the etiology of endemic iBalkanj nephropathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007; 104: 12129-34.
7j Jelaković B, Karanović S, Vuković-Lela I, et al. Aristolactam-DNA adducts are a biomarker of environmental exposure to aristolochic acid. Kidney Int. 2012; 81: 559-67.
8j Chen CH, Dickman KG, Moriya M, et al. Aristolochic acid-associated urothelial cancer in Taiwan. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012; 109: 8241-6.
9j Nortier JL, Martinez MC, Schmeiser HH, et al. Urothelial carcinoma associated with the use of a Chinese herb iAristolochia fangchij. N Engl J Med. 2000; 342: 1686-92.
10j Laing C, Hamour S, Sheaff M, Miller R, Woolfson R. Chinese herbal uropathy and nephropathy. Lancet. 2006; 368: 338.
11j
12j Wang YH, Yeh SD, Wu MM, et al. Comparing the joint effect of arsenic exposure, cigarette smoking and risk genotypes of vascular endothelial growth factor on upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma and bladder cancer. J Hazard Mater. 2013; 262: 1139-46.
13j Rouprêt M, Cancel-Tassin G, Comperat E, et al. Phenol sulfotransferase SULT1A1*2 allele and enhanced risk of upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007; 16: 2500-3.
14j Rouprêt M, Drouin SJ, Cancel-Tassin G, Comperat E, Larré S, Cussenot O. Genetic variability in 8q24 confers susceptibility to urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract and is linked with patterns of disease aggressiveness at diagnosis. J Urol. 2012; 187: 424-8.
CQ2
tá±E”AŠÇŠà‚ÆäNã÷Šà‚Ƃ͂ǂ̂悤‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚·‚é‚©?
Answer
”A˜Hã”çŠà‚Í”A˜H“ào‘S‘̂ɋóŠÔ“ICŽžŠÔ“I‚É‘½”‚·‚é“Á’¥‚ð—L‚·‚éBtá±E”AŠÇŠàŽ¡—ÃŒãC30~50%‚ÉäNã÷Šà‚ª”¶‚·‚邯‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éBæs«‚ÉäNã÷Šà‚ÌŠù‰‚ð—L‚·‚éê‡C‚ ‚é‚¢‚Í“¯Žž«äNã÷Šà‚ð”F‚ß‚éꇂà‚È‚‚È‚¢Btá±E”AŠÇŠà‚ÍäNã÷Šà‚Æ–§Ú‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚·‚éB
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1j Lughezzani G, Jeldres C, Isbarn H, et al. Nephroureterectomy and segmental ureterectomy in the treatment of invasive upper tract urothelial carcinoma: a population-based study of 2299 patients. Eur J Cancer. 2009; 45: 3291-7.
2j Margulis V, Shariat SF, Matin SF, et al. Outcomes of radical nephroureterectomy: a series from the Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Collaboration. Cancer. 2009; 115: 1224-33.
3j Kikuchi E, Margulis V, Karakiewicz PI, et al. Lymphovascular invasion predicts clinical outcomes in patients with node-negative upper tract urothelial carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2009; 27: 612-8.
4j Jinzaki M, Matsumoto K, Kikuchi E, et al. Comparison of CT urography and excretory urography in the detection and localization of urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011; 196: 1102-9.
5j Wang LJ, Wong YC, Huang CC, Wu CH, Hung SC, Chen HW. Multidetector computerized tomography urography is more accurate than excretory urography for diagnosing transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract in adults with hematuria. J Urol. 2010; 183: 48-55.
6j Rouprêt M, Babjuk M, Compérat E, et al. European guidelines on upper tract urothelial carcinomas: 2013 update. Eur Urol. 2013; 63: 1059-71.
7j Cowan NC. CT urography for hematuria. Nat Rev Urol. 2012; 9: 218-26.
8j Takahashi N, Kawashima A, Glockner JF, et al. Small i<2-cmj upper-tract urothelial carcinoma: evaluation with gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled echo MR urography. Radiology. 2008; 247: 451-7.
9j Takahashi N, Glockner JF, Hartman RP, et al. Gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance urography for upper urinary tract malignancy. J Urol. 2010; 183: 1330-65.
10j Thomsen HS, European Society of Urogenital RadiologyiESURj. ESUR guideline: gadolinium-based contrast media and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. Eur Radiol. 2007; 17: 2692-6.
11j Akita H, Jinzaki M, Kikuchi E, et al. Preoperative T categorization and prediction of histopathologic grading of urothelial carcinoma in renal pelvis using diffusion-weighted MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011; 197: 1130-6.
12j Yoshida S, Kobayashi S, Koga F, et al. Apparent diffusion coefficient as a prognostic biomarker of upper urinary tract cancer: a preliminary report. Eur Radiol. 2013; 23: 2206-14.
13j Witjes JA, Redorta JP, Jacqmin D, et al. Hexaminolevulinate-guided fluorescence cystoscopy in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: review of the evidence and recommendations. Eur Urol. 2010; 57: 607-14.
14j Messer J, Shariat SF, Brien JC, et al. Urinary cytology has a poor performance for predicting invasive or high-grade upper-tract urothelial carcinoma. BJU Int. 2011; 108: 701-5.
15j Renshaw AA. Comparison of ureteral washing and biopsy specimens in the community setting. Cancer. 2006; 108: 45-8.
16j Williams SK, Denton KJ, Minervini A, et al. Correlation of uppertract cytology, retrograde pyelography, ureteroscopic appearance, and ureteroscopic biopsy with histologic examination of upper-tract transitional cell carcinoma. J Endourol. 2008; 22: 71-6.
17j Sedlock DJ, MacLennan GT. Urine cytology in the evaluation of upper tract urothelial lesions. J Urol. 2004; 172: 2406.
18j Highman WJ. Transitional carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: a histological and cytopathological study. J Clin Pathol. 1986; 39: 297-305.
19j Cowan NC, Turney BW, Taylor NJ, McCarthy CL, Crew JP. Multidetector computed tomography urography for diagnosing upper urinary tract urothelial tumour. BJU Int. 2007; 99: 1363-70.
20j Margulis V, Youssef RF, Karakiewicz PI, et al. Preoperative multivariable prognostic model for prediction of nonorgan confined urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. J Urol. 2010; 184: 453-8.
21j Favaretto RL, Shariat SF, Savage C, et al. Combining imaging and ureteroscopy variables in a preoperative multivariable model for prediction of muscle-invasive and non-organ confined disease in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma. BJU Int. 2012; 109: 77-82.
22j Brien JC, Shariat SF, Herman MP, et al. Preoperative hydronephrosis, ureteroscopic biopsy grade and urinary cytology can improve prediction of advanced upper tract urothelial carcinoma. J Urol. 2010; 184: 69-73.
23j Guarnizo E, Pavlovich CP, Seiba M, Carlson DL, Vaughan ED Jr., Sosa RE. Ureteroscopic biopsy of upper tract urothelial carcinoma: improved diagnostic accuracy and histopathological considerations using a multi-biopsy approach. J Urol. 2000; 163: 52-5.
CQ3
tá±E”AŠÇŠà‚Ìf’f‚ÉCT urography‚Í—L—p‚©?
Answer
tá±E”AŠÇŠà‚ð‹‚‹^‚Á‚½ê‡‚ÍCŠàŒŸo‚Ì‚½‚߂ɂ©‚‚Ă͒´‰¹”gC”rŸ•«”A˜H‘¢‰e‚ª‘æˆê‘I‘ð‚Æ‚µ‚Ä—p‚¢‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½‚ªCŋ߂łÍCT urography ‚ð‚Ü‚¸s‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª„§‚³‚ê‚éB•aŠúf’f‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚à’ÊíCCT ‚ª—p‚¢‚ç‚ê‚éB]‚Á‚ÄŒŸoC•aŠúf’f‚Æ‚à‚ÉCT urography ‚ª‘æˆê‘I‘ð‚Æ‚µ‚Ä—p‚¢‚ç‚ê‚éi„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒhBjB
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CT urography iCTUj‚Æ‚ÍCtá±E”AŠÇ‚ª‘¢‰e܂Ŗž‚½‚³‚ê‚é”rŸ•‘Š‚Ì‘œi‘¢‰eܓЗ^Œã8~10 •ª–Új‚ðŠÜ‚ß‚ÄC‘¢‰e‘OŒã‚Ì”–‚¢ƒXƒ‰ƒCƒXŒú‚Å”A˜H‚ð•]‰¿‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚CT ŒŸ¸‚Ì‚±‚Ƃł ‚é1jB2000 ”N‘ã‚ɂȂÁ‚Ä‘½—ñŒŸoŠíCT ‚ªi•à‚µC”–‚¢ƒXƒ‰ƒCƒXŒú‚Åt‘Ÿ‚©‚眔Ղ܂ł̔A˜H‘S’·‚ðˆê‰ñ‚Ì‘§Ž~‚߂ŎB‰e‚Å‚«‚邿‚¤‚ɂȂÁ‚½‚½‚߂ɉ”\‚ƂȂÁ‚½ŒŸ¸‚Å‚ ‚éB‚»‚ê‚܂łÍCtá±E”AŠÇ•a•ς̌Ÿo‚ÍC”rŸ•«”A˜H‘¢‰eiintravenous urographyGIVUj‚¨‚æ‚Ñ’´‰¹”g‚ª‘æˆê‘I‘ð‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½‚ªCCTU ‚Í‚±‚ê‚ç‚ÌŒŸ¸‚É‘ã‚í‚蓾‚é”A˜H‚Ì•]‰¿–@‚Å‚ ‚é1j|3jBŒ‹Î‚âtá±E”AŠÇŽîá‡Ct“û“ª•a•Ï‚â”AŠÇ‚Ì‘–s•ψقȂÇC]—ˆ‚ÌIVU ‚Åf’f‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½•a•ς͂܂¸f’f‚Å‚«‚邱‚Ƃ͉Šú‚É•ñ‚³‚ꂽ2jB‚»‚ÌŒãCtá±E”AŠÇŠà‚Ìf’f”\‚ðIVU ‚ÆCTU ‚Å”äŠr‚µ‚½ŒŸ“¢‚Å‚ÍCIVU ‚ÌŠ´“x75.0~80.4%C“ÁˆÙ“x81.0~86.0%C ³f—¦80.8~84.9%‚ɑ΂µCCTU ‚ÍŠ´“x93.5~95.8%C “ÁˆÙ“x94.8~100%C³f—¦94.2~99.6%‚Æ—LˆÓ‚ÉCTU ‚ÌŠàŒŸo”\‚ª‚‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ª•ñ‚³‚ꂽ4j5jB‚Ü‚½C‹ts«tá±”AŠÇ‘¢‰eŒŸ¸‚Æ”äŠr‚µ‚Ä‚àCTU ‚Ìf’f”\‚Í“¯“™‚Ƃ̕ñ‚à‚ ‚é6jBCTU ‚Å‹U‰A«‚ɂȂ蓾‚銌©‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍCã”ç“àŠàC‚Pcm ˆÈ‰º‚̬•a•Ï‚ª‚ ‚èC‹U—z«‚ɂȂ蓾‚銌©‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍC—Ç«Žîá‡C–«‰ŠÇCŒŒŽîC”ì‘åt“û“ª‚Ȃǂª‚ ‚é4j|8jB‚Ü‚½CCTU‚ÍIVU‚Æ”ä‚ׂÄC“ào‚ÌŠŒ©‚݂̂Ȃ炸C”A˜H•Ç‚â•ÇŠO‚Ìî•ñ‚ª“¾‚ç‚ê‚éCd“x‚Ì…tÇÇ—á‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚à•ÂÇ•”ˆÊ‚ð—eˆÕ‚É“¯’è‚Å‚«‚éC“¯Žž‚É•aŠúf’f‚ª‰Â”\C‚Æ‚¢‚Á‚½—˜“_‚ð—L‚·‚éBˆÈã‚æ‚èCtá±E”AŠÇŠà‚ª‹‚‹^‚í‚ê‚éÇ—á‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍCTU ‚ª‘æˆê‘I‘ðŒŸ¸‚Æl‚¦‚ç‚ê‚éB‚µ‚©‚µC‘ÌŠi‚É‚à‚æ‚邪CTU ‚Ì”í‚΂ü—Ê‚ÍC15~35mSv ’ö“xCIVU ‚Í5~10mSv ’ö“x‚Æ—LˆÓ‚É·‚ª‚ ‚è2j|4jC”í‚΂’ጸ‚ªCTU ‚̉ۑè‚̂ЂƂ‚ł ‚éBŒ»ÝC‚»‚̑Ήžô‚ªŠˆ—p‚³‚êŽn‚߂Ă¢‚é9jB
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1j Van Der Molen AJ, Cowan NC, Mueller-Lisse UG, Nolte-Ernsting CC, Takahashi S, Cohan RH. CT urography: definition, indications and techniques. A guideline for clinical practice. Eur Radiol. 2008; 18: 4-17.
2j Caoili EM, Cohan RH, Korobkin M, et al. Urinary tract abnormalities: initial experience with multi-detector row CT urography. Radiology. 2002; 222: 353-60.
3j McTavish JD, Jinzaki M, Zou KH, Nawfel RD, Silverman SG. Multi-detector row CT urography: comparison of strategies for depicting the normal urinary collecting system. Radiology. 2002; 225: 783-90.
4j Jinzaki M, Matsumoto K, Kikuchi E, et al. Comparison of CT urography and excretory urography in the detection and localization of urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011; 196: 1102-9.
5j Wang LJ, Wong YC, Huang CC, Wu CH, Hung SC, Chen HW. Multidetector computerized tomography urography is more accurate than excretory urography for diagnosing transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract in adults with hematuria. J Urol. 2010; 183: 48-55.
6j Cowan NC, Turney BW, Taylor NJ, McCarthy CL, Crew JP. Multidetector computed tomography urography for diagnosing upper urinary tract urothelial tumour. BJU Int. 2007; 99: 1363-70.
7j Wang LJ, Wong YC, Ng KF, Chuang CK, Lee SY, Wan YL. Tumor characteristics of urothelial carcinoma on multidetector computerized tomography urography. J Urol. 2010; 183: 2154-60.
8j Sadow CA, Wheeler SC, Kim J, Ohno-Machado L, Silverman SG. Positive predictive value of CT urography in the evaluation of upper tract urothelial cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010; 195: W337-43.
9j Juri H, Matsuki M, Inada Y, et al. Low-dose computed tomographic urography using adaptive iterative dose reduction 3-dimensional: comparison with routine-dose computed tomography with filtered back projection. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2013; 37: 426-31.
10j Buckley JA, Urban BA, Soyer P, Scherrer A, Fishman EK. Transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis: a retrospective look at CT staging with pathologic correlation. Radiology. 1996; 201: 194-8.
11j Scolieri MJ, Paik ML, Brown SL, Resnick MI. Limitations of computed tomography in the preoperative staging of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Urology. 2000; 56: 930-4.
12j Fritz GA, Schoellnast H, Deutschmann HA, Quehenberger F, Tillich M. Multiphasic multidetector-row CT iMDCTj in detection and staging of transitional cell carcinomas of the upper urinary tract. Eur Radiol. 2006; 16: 1244-52.
CQ4
tá±E”AŠÇŠà‚Ìf’f‚É”AŠÇ‹¾ŒŸ¸‚Í—L—p‚©?
Answer
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1j Yazaki T, Kamiyama Y, Tomomasa H, et al. Ureteropyeloscopy in the diagnosis of patients with upper tract hematuria: an initial clinical study. Int J Urol. 1999; 6: 219-25.
2j Keeley FX, Kulp DA, Bibbo M, McCue PA, Bagley DH. Diagnostic accuracy of ureteroscopic biopsy in upper tract transitional cell carcinoma. J Urol. 1997; 157: 33-7.
3j Guarnizo E, Pavlovich CP, Seiba M, Carlson DL, Vaughan ED Jr., Sosa RE. Ureteroscopic biopsy of upper tract urothelial carcinoma: improved diagnostic accuracy and histopathological considerations using a multi-biopsy approach. J Urol. 2000; 163: 52-5.
4j Shiraishi K, Eguchi S, Mohri J, Kamiryo Y. Role of ureteroscopic biopsy in the management of upper urinary tract malignancy. Int J Urol. 2003; 10: 627-30.
5j Clements T, Messer JC, Terrell JD, et al. High-grade ureteroscopic biopsy is associated with advanced pathology of upper-tract urothelial carcinoma tumors at definitive surgical resection. J Endourol. 2012; 26: 398-402.
6j Favaretto RL, Shariat SF, Savage C, et al. Combining imaging and ureteroscopy variables in a preoperative multivariable model for prediction of muscle-invasive and non-organ confined disease in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma. BJU Int. 2012; 109: 77-82.
7j Brien JC, Shariat SF, Herman MP, et al. Preoperative hydronephrosis, ureteroscopic biopsy grade and urinary cytology can improve prediction of advanced upper tract urothelial carcinoma. J Urol. 2010; 184: 69-73.
8j Audenet F, Traxer O, Yates DR, Cussenot O, Rouprêt M. Potential role of photodynamic techniques combined with new generation flexible ureterorenoscopes and molecular markers for the management of urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. BJU Int. 2012; 109: 608-13.
9j Traxer O, Geavlete B, de Medina SG, Sibony M, Al-Qahtani SM. Narrowband imaging digital flexible ureteroscopy in detection of upper urinary tract transitional-cell carcinoma: initial experience. J Endourol. 2011; 25: 19-23.
10j Rouprêt M, Babjuk M, Compérat E, et al. European guidelines on upper tract urothelial carcinomas: 2013 update. Eur Urol. 2013; 63: 1059-71.
11j Hendin BN, Streem SB, Levin HS, Klein EA, Novick AC. Impact of diagnostic ureteroscopy on long-term survival in patients with upper tract transitional cell carcinoma. J Urol. 1999; 161: 783-5.
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29j Wheat JC, Weizer AZ, Wolf JS Jr., et al. Concomitant carcinoma in situ is a feature of aggressive disease in patients with organ confined urothelial carcinoma following radical nephroureterectomy. Urol Oncol. 2012; 30: 252-8.
30j Kikuchi E, Margulis V, Karakiewicz PI, et al. Lymphovascular invasion predicts clinical outcomes in patients with node-negative upper tract urothelial carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2009; 27: 612-8.
31j Novara G, Matsumoto K, Kassouf W, et al. Prognostic role of lymphovascular invasion in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: an international validation study. Eur Urol. 2010; 57: 1064-71.
32j Chromecki TF, Cha EK, Fajkovic H, et al. The impact of tumor multifocality on outcomes in patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy. Eur Urol. 2012; 61: 245-53.
33j Simone G, Papalia R, Loreto A, Leonardo C, Sentinelli S, Gallucci M. Independent prognostic value of tumour diameter and tumour necrosis in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. BJU Int. 2009; 103: 1052-7.
34j Shariat SF, Zigeuner R, Rink M, et al. Subclassification of pT3 urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvicalyceal system is associated with recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival: proposal for a revision of the current TNM classification. Eur Urol. 2012; 62: 224-31.
35j Yoshimura K, Arai Y, Fujimoto H, et al. Prognostic impact of extensive parenchymal invasion pattern in pT3 renal pelvic transitional cell carcinoma. Cancer. 2002; 94: 3150-6.
36j Capitanio U, Shariat SF, Isbarn H, et al. Comparison of oncologic outcomes for open and laparoscopic nephroureterectomy: a multi-institutional analysis of 1249 cases. Eur Urol. 2009; 56: 1-9.
37j Simone G, Papalia R, Guaglianone S, et al. Laparoscopic versus open nephroureterectomy: perioperative and oncologic outcomes from a randomised prospective study. Eur Urol. 2009; 56: 520-6.
38j Xylinas E, Rink M, Cha EK, et al. Impact of distal ureter management on oncologic outcomes following radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2014; 65: 210-7.
39j Kondo T, Nakazawa H, Ito F, Hashimoto Y, Toma H, Tanabe K. Impact of the extent of regional lymphadenectomy on the survival of patients with urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. J Urol. 2007; 178: 1212-7.
40j Roscigno M, Shariat SF, Margulis V, et al. Impact of lymph node dissection on cancer specific survival in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated with radical nephroureterectomy. J Urol. 2009; 181: 2482-9.
41j Cha EK, Shariat SF, Kormaksson M, et al. Predicting clinical outcomes after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2012; 61: 818-25.
42j Azémar MD, Comperat E, Richard F, Cussenot O, Rouprêt M. Bladder recurrence after surgery for upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma: fre-quency, risk factors, and surveillance. Urol Oncol. 2011; 29: 130-6.
43j OfBrien T, Ray E, Singh R, Coker B, Beard R; British Association of Urological Surgeons Section of Oncology. Prevention of bladder tumours after nephroureterectomy for primary upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: a prospective, multicentre, randomised clinical trial of a single postoperative intravesical dose of mitomycin C ithe ODMIT-C Trialj. Eur Urol. 2011; 60: 703-10.
44j Ito A, Shintaku I, Satoh M, et al. Prospective randomized phase II trial of a single early intravesical instillation of pirarubicin iTHPj in the prevention of bladder recurrence after nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: the THP Monotherapy Study Group Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2013; 31: 1422-7.
45j Cutress ML, Stewart GD, Zakikhani P, Phipps S, Thomas BG, Tolley DA. Ureteroscopic and percutaneous management of upper tract urothelial carcinomaiUTUCj: systematic review. BJU Int. 2012; 110: 614-28.
46j Roupret M, Traxer O, Tligui M, et al. Upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma: recurrence rate after percutaneous endoscopic resection. Eur Urol. 2007; 51: 709-13.
47j Palou J, Piovesan LF, Huguet J, Salvador J, Vicente J, Villavicencio H. Percutaneous nephroscopic management of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma: recurrence and long-term followup. J Urol. 2004; 172: 66-9.
48j
CQ5
t”AŠÇ‘S“EœpEäNã÷•”•ªØœp‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä• o‹¾Žèp‚Í„§‚³‚ê‚é‚©?
Answer
tá±E”AŠÇŠà‚É‚¨‚¯‚é• o‹¾Žèp‚ÍŠJ•úŽèp‚Æ”äŠr‚µ‚Ä’áNP‚Å‚ ‚èC•aŠúT2 ‚܂łÌǗႳͧŠàŒø‰Ê‚ɂෂð”F‚ß‚¸C\•ª‚È• o‹¾Žèp‚Ì‹Zp‚ð—L‚·‚éꇂ̈́§‚³‚ê‚épŽ®‚Å‚ ‚éi„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒhBjB
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1j Rassweiler JJ, Schulze M, Marrero R, Frede T, Palou Redorta J, Bassi P. Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma: is it better than open surgery? Eur Urol. 2004; 46: 690-7.
2j Hsueh TY, Huang YH, Chiu AW, Shen KH, Lee YH. A comparison of the clinical outcome between open and hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma. BJU Int. 2004; 94: 798-801.
3j McNeill SA, Chrisofos M, Tolley DA. The long-term outcome after laparoscopic nephroureterectomy: a comparison with open nephroureterectomy. BJU Int. 2000; 86: 619-23.
4j Kawauchi A, Fujito A, Ukimura O, Yoneda K, Mizutani Y, Miki T. Hand assisted retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy: comparison with the open procedure. J Urol. 2003; 169: 890-4.
5j Gill IS, Sung GT, Hobart MG, et al. Laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract transitional cell carcinoma: the Cleveland Clinic experience. J Urol. 2000; 164: 1513-22.
6j ”É“c³MCŠp¼—YˆêCˆÀ–{”ŽWCŽO“ckŽiC‰Oˆä˜±Dã•””A˜Hã”çŽîᇂɑ΂·‚éŒã• –Œ‹¾•╉ºt”AŠÇ‘S“Eœp‚ÌŒŸ“¢. Jpn J Endourol and ESWL. 2004; 17: 190-4.
7j Greco F, Wagner S, Hoda RM, Hamza A, Fornara P. Laparoscopic vs open radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial cancer: oncological outcomes and 5-year follow-up. BJU Int. 2009; 104: 1274-8.
8j Simone G, Papalia R, Guaglianone S, et al. Laparoscopic versus open nephroureterectomy: perioperative and oncologic outcomes from a randomised prospective study. Eur Urol. 2009; 56: 520-6.
9j Terakawa T, Miyake H, Hara I, Takenaka A, Fujisawa M. Retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract cancer: a comparative study with conventional open retroperitoneal nephroureterectomy. J Endourol. 2008; 22: 1693-9.
10j Rai BP, Shelley M, Coles B, Biyani CS, El-Mokadem I, Nabi G. Surgical management for upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011: CD007349.
11j Waldert M, Remzi M, Klingler HC, Mueller L, Marberger M. The oncological results of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract transitional cell cancer are equal to those of open nephroureterectomy. BJU Int. 2009; 103: 66-70.
12j Capitanio U, Shariat SF, Isbarn H, et al. Comparison of oncologic outcomes for open and laparoscopic nephroureterectomy: a multi-institutional analysis of 1249 cases. Eur Urol. 2009; 56: 1-9.
13j Favaretto RL, Shariat SF, Chade DC, et al. Comparison between laparoscopic and open radical nephroureterectomy in a contemporary group of patients: are recurrence and disease-specific survival associated with surgical technique? Eur Urol. 2010; 58: 645-51.
14j Hattori R, Yoshino Y, Gotoh M, Katoh M, Kamihira O, Ono Y. Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis and ureter: Nagoya experience. Urology. 2006; 67: 701-5.
15j Kondo T, Nakazawa H, Ito F, Hashimoto Y, Toma H, Tanabe K. Impact of the extent of regional lymphadenectomy on the survival of patients with urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. J Urol. 2007; 178: 1212-7.
16j Zigeuner R, Pummer K. Urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: surgical approach and prognostic factors. Eur Urol. 2008; 53: 720-31.
17j Schatteman P, Chatzopoulos C, Assenmacher C, et al. Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma: results of a Belgian retrospective multicentre survey. Eur Urol. 2007; 51: 1633-8.
CQ6
t”AŠÇ‘S“EœpEäNã÷•”•ªØœp‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄƒŠƒ“ƒpߊs´‚Í„§‚³‚ê‚é‚©?
Answer
ƒŠƒ“ƒpߊs´‚̈Ӌ`‚ÍCf’f“IˆÓ‹`‚ÆŽ¡—ÓIˆÓ‹`‚É•ª‚©‚ê‚éBŠs´‚É‚æ‚è•a—Šw“IƒŠƒ“ƒpß“]ˆÚ—z«‚Ì—\Œã•s—ǂ̊³ŽÒ‚ð‘w•ʉ»‚Å‚«f’f“IˆÓ‹`‚Í‚ ‚邯l‚¦‚ç‚ê‚éB‚Ü‚½pT2 ˆÈã‚ÌÇ—á‚Å‚ÍCŠs´‚É‚æ‚è—\Œã‚ð‰ü‘P‚·‚邯ޡ—ÓIˆÓ‹`‚ðŽxŽ‚·‚é•ñ‚Í‘½‚¢B]‚Á‚ċؑwZ‚ª‹^‚í‚ê‚éisŠàÇ—á‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄƒŠƒ“ƒpߊs´‚ðŽ{s‚·‚邱‚Ƃ̈́§‚³‚ê‚éi„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒhC1jB
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Œ»Žž“_‚ł͌¤‹†‚Ì”‚à‚È‚CŠs´”͈͂̕W€‰»‚ª‚È‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚±‚ÆC–³ìˆ×‰»ŽŽŒ±‚É‚æ‚é—DˆÊ«‚ªŽ¦‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚©‚çCƒŠƒ“ƒpߊs´‚ðŽxŽ‚·‚éƒGƒrƒfƒ“ƒX‚ÍŽã‚¢‚ÆŒ¾‚í‚´‚é‚𓾂Ȃ¢B‚±‚Ì‚½‚ßC2013 ”NEAU ƒKƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“‚Å‚ÍisŠà‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ă݂̂»‚̈Ӌ`‚ª‚ ‚邯‚µC„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒhC‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é17jB‹Ø‘wZ«tá±E”AŠÇŠà‚É‚¨‚¯‚郊ƒ“ƒpߊs´‚ÌŽ¡—ÓIˆÓ‹`‚ÌŠm—§‚ÉŒü‚¯C¡Œã‚³‚ç‚Ȃ錟“¢Œ‹‰Ê‚ªŠú‘Ò‚³‚ê‚éB
ŽQl•¶Œ£
1j Dhar NB, Klein EA, Reuther AM, Thalmann GN, Madersbacher S, Studer UE. Outcome after radical cystectomy with limited or extended pelvic lymph node dissection. J Urol. 2008; 179: 873-8.
2j Abol-Enein H, Tilki D, Mosbah A, et al. Does the extent of lymphadenectomy in radical cystectomy for bladder cancer influence disease-free survival? A prospective single-center study. Eur Urol. 2011; 60: 572-7.
3j Stenzl A, Cowan NC, De Santis M, et al. Treatment of muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer: update of the EAU guidelines. Eur Urol. 2011; 59: 1009-18.
4j Kondo T, Nakazawa H, Ito F, Hashimoto Y, Toma H, Tanabe K. Primary site and incidence of lymph node metastases in urothelial carcinoma of upper urinary tract. Urology. 2007; 69: 265-9.
5j Roscigno M, Cozzarini C, Bertini R, et al. Prognostic value of lymph node dissection in patients with muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Eur Urol. 2008; 53: 794-802.
6j Roscigno M, Shariat SF, Margulis V, et al. Impact of lymph node dissection on cancer specific survival in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated with radical nephroureterectomy. J Urol. 2009; 181: 2482-9.
7j Abe T, Shinohara N, Muranaka M, et al. Role of lymph node dissection in the treatment of urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: multi-institutional relapse analysis and immunohistochemical re-evaluation of negative lymph nodes. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2010; 36: 1085-91.
8j Lughezzani G, Jeldres C, Isbarn H, et al. A critical appraisal of the value of lymph node dissection at nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Urology. 2010; 75: 118-24.
9j Burger M, Shariat SF, Fritsche HM, et al. No overt influence of lymphadenectomy on cancer-specific survival in organ-confined versus locally advanced upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma undergoing radical nephroureterectomy: a retrospective international, multi-institutional study. World J Urol. 2011; 29: 465-72.
10j Mason RJ, Kassouf W, Bell DG, et al. The contemporary role of lymph node dissection during nephroureterectomy in the management of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: the Canadian experience. Urology. 2012; 79: 840-5.
11j Ouzzane A, Colin P, Ghoneim TP, et al. The impact of lymph node status and features on oncological outcomes in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract iUTUCj treated by nephroureterectomy. World J Urol. 2013; 31: 189-97.
12j Brausi MA, Gavioli M, De Luca G, et al. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissectioniRPLDj in conjunction with nephroureterectomy in the treatment of infiltrative transitional cell carcinoma iTCCj of the upper urinary tract: impact on survival. Eur Urol. 2007; 52: 1414-8.
13j Kondo T, Nakazawa H, Ito F, Hashimoto Y, Toma H, Tanabe K. Impact of the extent of regional lymphadenectomy on the survival of patients with urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. J Urol. 2007; 178: 1212-7.
14j Roscigno M, Shariat SF, Margulis V, et al. The extent of lymphadenectomy seems to be associated with better survival in patients with nonmetastatic upper-tract urothelial carcinoma: how many lymph nodes should be removed? Eur Urol. 2009; 56: 512-8.
15j Feinstein AR, Sosin DM, Wells CK. The Will Rogers phenomenon. Stage migration and new diagnostic techniques as a source of misleading statistics for survival in cancer. N Engl J Med. 1985; 312: 1604-8.
16j Kondo T, Hashimoto Y, Kobayashi H, et al. Template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: Impact on patient survival. Int J Urol. 2010; 17: 848-54.
17j Rouprêt M, Babjuk M, Compérat E, et al. European guidelines on upper tract urothelial carcinomas: 2013 update. Eur Urol. 2013; 63: 1059-71.
CQ7
t”AŠÇ‘S“EœpEäNã÷•”•ªØœp‚ÌäNã÷•”•ªØœpŽ®‚ɂ͂ǂ̂悤‚È‚à‚Ì‚ª‚ ‚é‚©?
Answer
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1j Ritch CR, Kearns JT, Mues AC, et al. Comparison of distal ureteral management strategies during laparoscopic nephroureterectomy. J Endourol. 2011; 25: 1149-54.
2j Xylinas E, Rink M, Cha EK, et al. Impact of distal ureter management on oncologic outcomes following radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2014; 65: 210-7.
3j Hattori R, Yoshino Y, Gotoh M, Katoh M, Kamihira O, Ono Y. Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis and ureter: Nagoya experience. Urology. 2006; 67: 701-5.
4j Li WM, Shen JT, Li CC, et al. Oncologic outcomes following three different approaches to the distal ureter and bladder cuff in nephroureterectomy for primary upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2010; 57: 963-9.
5j Gkougkousis EG, Mellon JK, Griffiths TR. Management of the distal ureter during nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma: a review. Urol Int. 2010; 85: 249-56.
6j Matin SF, Gill IS. Recurrence and survival following laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy with various forms of bladder cuff control. J Urol. 2005; 173: 395-400.
7j Giovansili B, Peyromaure M, Saïghi D, Dayma T, Zerbib M, Debré B. Stripping technique for endoscopic management of distal ureter during nephroureterectomy: experience of 32 procedures. Urology. 2004; 64: 448-52.
CQ8
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Answer
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Karam ‚ç‚Í1987 ”N‚©‚ç2007 ”N‚܂łɎ{s‚³‚ꂽt”AŠÇ‘S“EœpEäNã÷•”•ªØœpÇ—á1,363 —á‚ðŒã‚ëŒü‚«‚ÉŠÏŽ@‚µC28 —ái2%j‚Étá±E”AŠÇ‚ÌŒ´”«CIS Ç—á‚ð”F‚ß‚½‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB‚R”N”ñÄ”—¦‚Í84%C‚R”NŠà“ÁˆÙ“I¶‘¶—¦‚Í89%CŠÏŽ@ŠúŠÔ‚Ì’†‰›’l‚Í42.8 ƒ•ŒŽ‚ÅCŠàŽ€‚Í‚R—á‚݂̂ł ‚Á‚½‚Æ—ÇD‚ÈŒ‹‰Ê‚ð•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é1jB
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ˆê•û‚ÅCtá±E”AŠÇ‚ÌŒ´”«CIS Ç—á‚ɑ΂·‚ét”AŠÇ‘S“EœpEäNã÷•”•ªØœp‚ÆBCG ‚Ìã•””A˜H’“ü—Ö@‚Ì”äŠr‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄC’·Šú‚̧ŠàŒø‰Ê‚É·‚ð”F‚߂Ȃ¢‚Æ‚·‚é•ñ‚à‚Ý‚ç‚ê‚éBKojima ‚ç‚Í17 —á‚Ìtá±E”AŠÇ‚ÌŒ´”«CIS Ç—á‚ɑ΂µCt”AŠÇ‘S“EœpEäNã÷•”•ªØœp‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍBCG ‚Ìã•””A˜H’“ü—Ö@‚ðŽ{s‚µ‚½Œ‹‰Ê‚ðŒã‚ëŒü‚«‚ÉŒŸ“¢‚µ‚Ä‚¨‚èC’†‰›’l58 ƒ•ŒŽ‚ÌŠÏŽ@ŠúŠÔ‚Å”ñÄ”—¦CŠà“ÁˆÙ“I¶‘¶—¦‚ÉŠÖ‚µ—¼ŒQŠÔ‚É—LˆÓ·‚͂Ȃ©‚Á‚½‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é3jBˆÈã‚æ‚èBCG ‚Ìã•””A˜H’“ü—Ö@‚É‚æ‚è’·Šú‚̧ŠàŒø‰Ê‚ð”F‚߂邯‚·‚é•ñ‚à‚ ‚邪CŒ»Žž“_‚ł̓Gƒrƒfƒ“ƒX‚ª•s\•ª‚Å‚ ‚茋˜_‚ª“¾‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
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1j Karam JA, Margulis V, Montorsi F, et al. Carcinoma in situ of the upper urinary tract treated with radical nephroureterectomy--results from a multicenter study. Eur Urol. 2008; 54: 961-3.
2j Yuasa T, Tsuchiya N, Narita S, et al. Radical nephroureterectomy as initial treatment for carcinoma in situ of upper urinary tract. Urology. 2006; 68: 972-5.
3j Kojima Y, Tozawa K, Kawai N, Sasaki S, Hayashi Y, Kohri K. Long-term outcome of upper urinary tract carcinoma in situ: effectiveness of nephroureterectomy versus bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy. Int J Urol. 2006; 13: 340-4.
4j Wheat JC, Weizer AZ, Wolf JS Jr., et al. Concomitant carcinoma in situ is a feature of aggressive disease in patients with organ confined urothelial carcinoma following radical nephroureterectomy. Urol Oncol. 2012; 30: 252-8.
5j Otto W, Shariat SF, Fritsche HM, et al. Concomitant carcinoma in situ as an independent prognostic parameter for recurrence and survival in upper tract urothelial carcinoma: a multicenter analysis of 772 patients. World J Urol. 2011; 29: 487-94.
6j Cha EK, Shariat SF, Kormaksson M, et al. Predicting clinical outcomes after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2012; 61: 818-25.
7j Pieras E, Frontera G, Ruiz X, Vicens A, Ozonas M, Pizá P. Concomitant carcinoma in situ and tumour size are prognostic factors for bladder recurrence after nephroureterectomy for upper tract transitional cell carcinoma. BJU Int. 2010; 106: 1319-23.
CQ9
t”AŠÇ‘S“EœpEäNã÷•”•ªØœp‚É‚¨‚¢‚Äp‘O‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍpŒã•╉»Šw—Ö@‚Í„§‚³‚ê‚é‚©?
Answer
pT3ˆÈã‚Ü‚½‚ÍpN+Ç—á‚Ìtá±E”AŠÇŠà‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚ÍCpŒã•╉»Šw—Ö@‚ðl—¶‚µ‚Ä‚à‚æ‚¢i„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒhC1jB
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tá±E”AŠÇŠàÇ—á‚ÍC–³ìˆ×‰»”äŠrŽŽŒ±‹s‚ª‹É‚߂Ģ“ï‚Å‚ ‚邽‚ß\•ª‚ȃGƒrƒfƒ“ƒX‚Ì‚ ‚é•ñ‚Í’²‚ד¾‚½ŒÀ‚è‘¶Ý‚µ‚È‚¢BŽüpŠú•╉»Šw—Ö@‚ɂ‚¢‚Ă̗Bˆê‚Ì‘OŒü‚«ŽŽŒ±‚Æ‚µ‚ÄBamias ‚ç‚ÍpaclitaxelCcarboplatin ‚ð—p‚¢‚½phase Ⅱ study ‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄCpŒã•╉»Šw—Ö@‚ªpT3 ˆÈã‚Ü‚½‚ÍpN+ Ç—á‚Ìtá±E”AŠÇŠà‚ÌpŒã‰“Šu“]ˆÚ‚ÌƒŠƒXƒN‚ðŒ¸‚µ“¾‚邯•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é1jB‚Ü‚½pŒã•╉»Šw—Ö@‚É‚æ‚èäNã÷“àÄ”‚ªŒ¸‚µ‚½‚Æ‚¢‚¤•ñ‚à‚ ‚é2jBˆê•ûCpŒã•╉»Šw—Ö@‚Í—\Œã‰ü‘PŒø‰Ê‚ð”F‚߂Ȃ©‚Á‚½‚Æ‚·‚éŒã‚ëŒü‚«ŒŸ“¢Œ‹‰Ê‚à‘¶Ý‚·‚é3j4jB
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1j Bamias A, Deliveliotis C, Fountzilas G, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with advanced carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: a study by the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2004; 22: 2150-4.
2j Soga N, Arima K, Sugimura Y. Adjuvant methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin, and cisplatin chemotherapy has potential to prevent recurrence of bladder tumors after surgical removal of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma. Int J Urol. 2008; 15: 800-3.
3j Lee SE, Byun SS, Park YH, Chang IH, Kim YJ, Hong SK. Adjuvant chemotherapy in the management of pT3N0M0 transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Urol Int. 2006; 77: 22-6.
4j Hellenthal NJ, Shariat SF, Margulis V, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy for high risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma: results from the Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Collaboration. J Urol. 2009; 182: 900-6.
5j Alva AS, Matin SF, Lerner SP, Siefker-Radtke AO. Perioperative chemotherapy for upper tract urothelial cancer. Nat Rev Urol. 2012; 9: 266-73.
6j Igawa M, Urakami S, Shiina H, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced urothelial cancer of the upper urinary tract. Urol Int. 1995; 55: 74-7.
7j Matin SF, Margulis V, Kamat A, et al. Incidence of downstaging and complete remission after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for high-risk upper tract transitional cell carcinoma. Cancer. 2010; 116: 3127-34.
8j Rajput MZ, Kamat AM, Clavell-Hernandez J, et al. Perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy and regional lymphadenectomy in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Urology. 2011; 78: 61-7.
9j Brown GA, Matin SF, Busby JE, et al. Ability of clinical grade to predict final pathologic stage in upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma: implications for therapy. Urology. 2007; 70: 252-6.
CQ10
t”AŠÇ‘S“EœpEäNã÷•”•ªØœpŒã‚ÌäNã÷“àÄ”‚Ì•p“xC‚Ü‚½‚»‚Ì—\‘ªˆöŽq‚ɂ͂ǂ̂悤‚È‚à‚Ì‚ª‚ ‚é‚©?
Answer
t”AŠÇ‘S“EœpEäNã÷•”•ªØœpŒã‚ÌäNã÷“àÄ”‚ÍC–ñ15~50%‚É”F‚ß‚ç‚ê‚éB‚Ü‚½CpŒã‚ÌäNã÷“àÄ”‚ð—\‘ª‚·‚éˆöŽq‚Æ‚µ‚ÄC‘½”‚ÌŒó•âˆöŽq‚ª•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚邪CŠm—§‚³‚ꂽäNã÷“àÄ”—\‘ªˆöŽq‚Í‘¶Ý‚µ‚È‚¢B
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ŽQl•¶Œ£
1j Azémar MD, Comperat E, Richard F, Cussenot O, Rouprêt M. Bladder recurrence after surgery for upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma: frequency, risk factors, and surveillance. Urol Oncol. 2011; 29: 130-6.
2j Terakawa T, Miyake H, Muramaki M, Takenaka A, Hara I, Fujisawa M. Risk factors for intravesical recurrence after surgical management of transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Urology. 2008; 71: 123-7.
3j Hirano D, Okada Y, Nagane Y, et al. Intravesical recurrence after surgical management of urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Urol Int. 2012; 89: 71-7.
4j Matsui Y, Utsunomiya N, Ichioka K, et al. Risk factors for subsequent development of bladder cancer after primary transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Urology. 2005; 65: 279-83.
5j Novara G, De Marco V, Dalpiaz O, et al. Independent predictors of metachronous bladder transitional cell carcinoma iTCCj after nephroureterectomy for TCC of the upper urinary tract. BJU Int. 2008; 101: 1368-74.
6j Pieras E, Frontera G, Ruiz X, Vicens A, Ozonas M, Pizá P. Concomitant carcinoma in situ and tumour size are prognostic factors for bladder recurrence after nephroureterectomy for upper tract transitional cell carcinoma. BJU Int. 2010; 106: 1319-23.
7j Kusuda Y, Miyake H, Terakawa T, Kondo Y, Miura T, Fujisawa M. Gender as a significant predictor of intravesical recurrence in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract following nephroureterectomy. Urol Oncol. 2013; 31: 899-903.
8j Huang WW, Huang HY, Liao AC, et al. Primary urothelial carcinoma of the upper tract: important clinicopathological factors predicting bladder recurrence after surgical resection. Pathol Int. 2009; 59: 642-9.
9j Rassweiler JJ, Schulze M, Marrero R, Frede T, Palou Redorta J, Bassi P. Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma: is it better than open surgery? Eur Urol. 2004; 46: 690-7.
10j Manabe D, Saika T, Ebara S, et al. Comparative study of oncologic outcome of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy and standard nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma. Urology. 2007; 69: 457-61.
11j Chung SD, Huang CY, Chueh SC, et al. Intermediate follow-up of hand-assisted retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy for management of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: comparison with open nephroureterectomy. Urology. 2007; 69: 1030-4.
12j Li WM, Shen JT, Li CC, et al. Oncologic outcomes following three different approaches to the distal ureter and bladder cuff in nephroureterectomy for primary upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2010; 57: 963-9.
13j Matin SF, Gill IS. Recurrence and survival following laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy with various forms of bladder cuff control. J Urol. 2005; 173: 395-400.
14j Salvador-Bayarri J, Rodríguez-Villamil L, Imperatore V, Palou Redorta J, Villavicencio-Mavrich H, Vicente-Rodríguez J. Bladder neoplasms after nephroureterectomy: does the surgery of the lower ureter, transurethral resection or open surgery, influence the evolution? Eur Urol. 2002; 41: 30-3.
15j Ku JH, Choi WS, Kwak C, Kim HH. Bladder cancer after nephroureterectomy in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Urol Oncol. 2011; 29: 383-7.
16j Soga N, Arima K, Sugimura Y. Adjuvant methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin, and cisplatin chemotherapy has potential to prevent recurrence of bladder tumors after surgical removal of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma. Int J Urol. 2008; 15: 800-3.
17j OfBrien T, Ray E, Singh R, Coker B, Beard R; British Association of Urological Surgeons Section of Oncology. Prevention of bladder tumours after nephroureterectomy for primary upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: a prospective, multicentre, randomised clinical trial of a single postoperative intravesical dose of mitomycin C ithe ODMIT-C Trialj. Eur Urol. 2011; 60: 703-10.
18j Wu WJ, Ke HL, Yang YH, Li CC, Chou YH, Huang CH. Should patients with primary upper urinary tract cancer receive prophylactic intravesical chemotherapy after nephroureterectomy? J Urol. 2010; 183: 56-61.
19j Akao J, Matsuyama H, Yamamoto Y, Sasaki K, Naito K. Chromosome 20q13.2 gain may predict intravesical recurrence after nephroureterectomy in upper urinary tract urothelial tumors. Clin Cancer Res. 2006; 12: 7004-8.
20j Muramaki M, Miyake H, Terakawa T, Kusuda Y, Fujisawa M. Expression profile of E-cadherin and N-cadherin in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract is associated with disease recurrence in patients undergoing nephroureterectomy. Urology. 2011; 78: 1443 e7-12.
CQ11
t”AŠÇ‘S“EœpEäNã÷•”•ªØœpŒã‚̃tƒHƒ[ƒAƒbƒv‚ÌÛ‚É„§‚³‚ê‚錟¸‚͉½‚©?
Answer
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1j Margulis V, Shariat SF, Matin SF, et al. Outcomes of radical nephroureterectomy: a series from the Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Collaboration. Cancer. 2009; 115: 1224-33.
2j Rink M, Sjoberg D, Comploj E, et al. Risk of cancer-specific mortality following recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012; 19: 4337-44.
3j Azémar MD, Comperat E, Richard F, Cussenot O, Rouprêt M. Bladder recurrence after surgery for upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma: frequency, risk factors, and surveillance. Urol Oncol. 2011; 29: 130-6.
4j Yates DR, Hupertan V, Colin P, et al. Cancer-specific survival after radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: proposal and multi-institutional validation of a post-operative nomogram. Br J Cancer. 2012; 106: 1083-8.
5j Cha EK, Shariat SF, Kormaksson M, et al. Predicting clinical outcomes after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2012; 61: 818-25.
6j Rouprêt M, Babjuk M, Compérat E, et al. European guidelines on upper tract urothelial carcinomas: 2013 update. Eur Urol. 2013; 63: 1059-71.
7j Novara G, De Marco V, Dalpiaz O, et al. Independent predictors of contralateral metachronous upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma after nephroureterectomy: multi-institutional dataset from three European centers. Int J Urol. 2009; 16: 187-91.
CQ12
”AŠÇ‹¾‰ºt‰·‘¶Žèp‚͂ǂ̂悤‚ÈÇ—á‚É“K‰ž‚ƂȂ邩?
Answer
’Pt‚ ‚é‚¢‚Í—¼‘¤«‚É”¶‚µ‚½‹ÇŠŒÀ‹Ç«tá±E”AŠÇŠàC‚Ü‚½t‹@”\áŠQ‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍPS ‚ª•s—Ç‚ÈÇ—á‚ɑ΂µ‚Ät‹@”\‰·‘¶C“§Í“±“ü‰ñ”ð‚Ì–Ú“I‚Ét‰·‘¶Žèp‚Íl—¶‚³‚ê‚鎡—Ö@‚Å‚ ‚éi„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒhC1jB
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1j Martínez-Piñeiro JA, García Matres MJ, Martínez-Piñeiro L. Endourological treatment of upper tract urothelial carcinomas: analysis of a series of 59 tumors. J Urol. 1996; 156: 377-85.
2j Deligne E, Colombel M, Badet L, et al. Conservative management of upper urinary tract tumors. Eur Urol. 2002; 42: 43-8.
3j Thompson RH, Krambeck AE, Lohse CM, Elliott DS, Patterson DE, Blute ML. Endoscopic management of upper tract transitional cell carcinoma in patients with normal contralateral kidneys. Urology. 2008; 71: 713-7.
4j Lucas SM, Svatek RS, Olgin G, et al. Conservative management in selected patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma compares favourably with early radical surgery. BJU Int. 2008; 102: 172-6.
5j Pak RW, Moskowitz EJ, Bagley DH. What is the cost of maintaining a kidney in upper-tract transitional-cell carcinoma? An objective analysis of cost and survival. J Endourol. 2009; 23: 341-6.
6j Cutress ML, Stewart GD, Wells-Cole S, Phipps S, Thomas BG, Tolley DA. Long-term endoscopic management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma: 20-year single-centre experience. BJU Int. 2012; 110: 1608-17.
7j Gadzinski AJ, Roberts WW, Faerber GJ, Wolf JS Jr. Long-term outcomes of nephroureterectomy versus endoscopic management for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. J Urol. 2010; 183: 2148-53.
8j Thompson RH, Krambeck AE, Lohse CM, Elliott DS, Patterson DE, Blute ML. Elective endoscopic management of transitional cell carcinoma first diagnosed in the upper urinary tract. BJU Int. 2008; 102: 1107-10.
9j Iborra I, Solsona E, Casanova J, Ricos JV, Rubio J, Climent MA. Conservative elective treatment of upper urinary tract tumors: a multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for recurrence and progression. J Urol. 2003; 169: 82-5.
10j Suh RS, Faerber GJ, Wolf JS Jr. Predictive factors for applicability and success with endoscopic treatment of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. J Urol. 2003; 170: 2209-16.
11j Keeley FX Jr., Bibbo M, Bagley DH. Ureteroscopic treatment and surveillance of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma. J Urol. 1997; 157: 1560-5.
12j Krambeck AE, Thompson RH, Lohse CM, Patterson DE, Elliott DS, Blute ML. Imperative indications for conservative management of upper tract transitional cell carcinoma. J Urol. 2007; 178: 792-6.
13j Rouprêt M, Babjuk M, Compérat E, et al. European guidelines on upper tract urothelial carcinomas: 2013 update. Eur Urol. 2013; 63: 1059-71.
14j Rouprêt M, Hupertan V, Traxer O, et al. Comparison of open nephroureterectomy and ureteroscopic and percutaneous management of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma. Urology. 2006; 67: 1181-7.
15j Cornu JN, Rouprêt M, Carpentier X, et al. Oncologic control obtained after exclusive flexible ureteroscopic management of upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma. World J Urol. 2010; 28: 151-6.
16j Rastinehad AR, Ost MC, Vanderbrink BA, et al. A 20-year experience with percutaneous resection of upper tract transitional carcinoma: is there an oncologic benefit with adjuvant bacillus Calmette Guérin therapy? Urology. 2009; 73: 27-31.
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“]ˆÚ«‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍÄ”«‚ÌäNã÷Šà‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚ÍCGC—Ö@igemcitabineCcisplatinj‚âMVAC —Ö@imethotrexateCvinblastineCdoxorubicinCcisplatinj‚ª‰ÈŠw“Iª‹’‚Ì‚ ‚é‘Sg‰»Šw—Ö@‚̃ŒƒWƒƒ“‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŽ{s‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¨‚èi•\jC‚¢‚¸‚ê‚àäNã÷Šàf—ÃKƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“2009 ”N“x”łł̈́§ƒOƒŒ[ƒhA ‚Æ‚µ‚Ä„§‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éBˆê•ûC“]ˆÚ«‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍÄ”«‚Ìtá±E”AŠÇŠà‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ă͉»Šw—Ö@‚Ì—LŒø«‚ðŽ¦‚µ‚½‰ÈŠw“Iª‹’‚Ì‚‚¢•ñ‚͂ȂCÇ—á•ñCƒP[ƒXƒVƒŠ[ƒY‚¨‚æ‚Ѭ‹K–͂̌ã‚ëŒü‚«Œ¤‹†‚ª”‚ ‚é‚ɉ߂¬‚È‚¢1j|3jB“]ˆÚ«‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍÄ”«‚Ì”A˜Hã”çŠà‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½–³ìˆ×‰»”äŠrŽŽŒ±‚Í‘¶Ý‚·‚邪CäNã÷ŠàÇ—á‚Æ”‚Ìtá±E”AŠÇŠàǗႪ‡‚킹‚ĉðÍ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¨‚èC—¼ŽÒ‚̬т̈Ⴂ‚Í–¾Šm‚É‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B2013 ”N‚ÌEAU ‚âNCCN ƒKƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“‚Å‚ÍCäNã÷Šà‚Æ“¯‚¶”A˜Hã”çŠà‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ð—˜_“Iª‹’‚Æ‚µ‚ÄCäNã÷Šà‚Æ“¯‚¶ƒŒƒWƒƒ“‚ðtá±E”AŠÇŠà‚É“K‰ž‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ì‚ªŒ»ó‚Å‚ ‚éB‚µ‚©‚µC“¯‚¶”A˜Hã”çŠà‚Å‚ ‚Á‚Ä‚à“]ˆÚ«‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍÄ”«‚ÌäNã÷Šà‚Ætá±E”AŠÇŠà‚̉»Šw—Ö@‚Ö‚ÌŠ´Žó«‚Í“¯—l‚Ƃ͌À‚ç‚È‚¢4jB‚Ü‚½C“]ˆÚ«‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍÄ”«‚Ìtá±E”AŠÇŠà‚Ì‘½‚‚ÌŠ³ŽÒ‚Å‚ÍCæs‚·‚ét”AŠÇ‘S“EœpEäNã÷•”•ªØœp‚É‚æ‚èt‹@”\‚ª’ቺ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邽‚ß5j6jCcisplatin ‚ðŠÜ‚Þ‰»Šw—Ö@‚ð—\’肵‚Ä‚à–òܓЗ^—ʂ̌¸—Ê‚ª•K—v‚Èꇂª‘½‚CäNã÷Šà‚Æ“¯“™‚̉»Šw—Ö@‚Ì—LŒø«‚ª“¾‚ç‚ê‚é‚©‚Ç‚¤‚©‚à•s–¾‚Å‚ ‚éBt‹@”\‚É–â‘肪‚ ‚é“]ˆÚ«‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍÄ”«‚Ìtá±E”AŠÇŠàÇ—á‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚ÍC“]ˆÚ«‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍÄ”«‚ÌäNã÷Šà‚Ìcisplatin gunfith Ç—á‚É€‚¶‚Äcarboplatin ‚â”ñƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒi»Ü‚ªŽg—p‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚邪C‰ÈŠw“Iª‹’‚É–R‚µ‚ŒoŒ±“IŽ¡—Â̈æ‚ðo‚È‚¢B‚Ü‚½CäNã÷Šà‚Æ“¯—l‚ÉCtá±E”AŠÇŠà‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚à—LŒø«‚ªØ–¾‚³‚ꂽ‚QŽŸC‚RŽŸ‰»Šw—Ö@‚̃ŒƒWƒƒ“‚͂ȂCгŽÒ‚Ì‘Sgó‘ԂȂǂɉž‚¶‚ĈقȂ郌ƒWƒƒ“‚ð‡ŽŸŽg—p‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ì‚ªŒ»ó‚Å‚ ‚éBt”AŠÇ‘S“EœpEäNã÷•”•ªØœpŒã‚ÌÄ”E“]ˆÚ‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄCMVAC —Ö@‚âGC —Ö@‚Ȃǂ̉»Šw—Ö@‚ðŽ{s‚µ‚½tá±E”AŠÇŠà132 –¼‚Ì—\Œã‚ðŒã‚ëŒü‚«‚ÉŒŸ“¢‚µ‚½Å‹ß‚Ì–{–M‚É‚¨‚¯‚鑽Ž{Ý‹¤“¯Œ¤‹†‚É‚æ‚邯C‰»Šw—Ö@ŠJŽnŽž‚ÌPSi0~1 vs 2~4jCŠÌ“]ˆÚ‚Ì—L–³‚¨‚æ‚ÑÄ”E“]ˆÚ•”ˆÊ‚̌”i‚Pvs †‚Qj‚ªC‘½•ϗʉð͂ɂ¨‚¢‚ÄŠà“ÁˆÙ“I¶‘¶—¦‚Æ‘S¶‘¶—¦‚Ì‘o•û‚ð‹K’è‚·‚铯—§‚µ‚½ˆöŽq‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½7jB
•\@GC—Ö@‚ÆMVAC—Ö@‚ÌŽ¡—ÃŒƒWƒƒ“
ƒŒƒWƒƒ“ | –òÜ | “Š—^—Ê | Day 1 | Day 2 | Day 8 | Day 15 | Day 22 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GC GEM 1,000 mg/m2 › |
|
› |
› |
|
| ||
CDDP | 70 mg/m2 | › | |||||
MVAC | MTX |
30 mg/m2 | › | › | › | ||
VLB |
3mg/m2 | › | › | › | |||
ADM |
30 mg/m2 | › | |||||
CDDP | 70 mg/m2 | › |
’jGCCMVAC ‚Æ‚à‚É28 “ú‚²‚ƂɎ{s
GEMFgemcitabineCCDDPFcisplatinCMTXFmethotrexateC
VLBFvinblastineCADMFdoxorubicin
Ⅱ BCG‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍRŠàÜ‚Ìã•””A˜H’“ü—Ö@
ŒÀ‹Ç«tá±E”AŠÇŠà‚ɑ΂·‚é•W€Ž¡—ÂÍt”AŠÇ‘S“EœpEäNã÷•”•ªØœp‚Å‚ ‚邪Cæq‚µ‚½‚悤‚Ét“Eœ‚É‚æ‚ét‹@”\‚̒ቺ‚Í”ð‚¯‚ç‚ê‚È‚¢B‚±‚Ì‚½‚ßC’PtCt‹@”\’ቺC—¼‘¤«‚ȂǂÌtá±E”AŠÇ‚ÌŒ´”«CIS Ç—á‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚ÍCt‹@”\‰·‘¶‚ð–Ú“I‚ÉBCG ‚Ìã•””A˜H’“ü—Ö@‚ªs‚í‚êC63~100%‚Ì”A×–Ef‰A«—¦‚ªŽ¡—ìтƂµ‚Ä•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é8jBã•””A˜H‚Ö‚ÌBCG ’“ü•û–@‚ÍCŒo”ç“Itá‘‚ð‰î‚µ‚ćs«‚É’“ü‚·‚é•û–@C”AŠÇƒJƒe[ƒeƒ‹‚ð—¯’u‚µ‚Ä‹ts«‚É’“ü‚·‚é•û–@Cdouble-J ƒXƒeƒ“ƒg‚ð—¯’u‚µ‚ÄäNã÷“à‚É’“ü‚·‚é•û–@‚ª‚ ‚邪CÅ“K‚È•û–@‚ÍŒˆ’肳‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B‚Ü‚½C¬‹K–͂Ȍã‚ëŒü‚«Œ¤‹†‚µ‚©‚È‚¢‚½‚ßBCG ‚Ì“Š—^—ÊC“Š—^”Z“xC“Š—^ŽžŠÔC“Š—^‰ñ”‚ȂǂɊւµ‚Ä‚àŠm—§‚³‚ꂽ•û–@‚͂Ȃ¢B
TURBT Œã‚ÌpŒã•╗Ö@‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÌRŠàÜCBCG ‚ÌäNã÷“à’“ü—Ö@‚ÍC‚»‚ꂼ‚êC’áE’†ƒŠƒXƒNC‚ƒŠƒXƒN‚̋ؑw”ñZ«äNã÷Šà‚ÌÄ”‚ð—LˆÓ‚É—}§‚·‚邽‚ßCäNã÷Šàf—ÃKƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“2009 ”N“x”łł̈́§ƒOƒŒ[ƒhA‚Æ‚µ‚Ä„§‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éBˆê•ûCtá±E”AŠÇŠà‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍC“àŽ‹‹¾“IØœŒã‚ÌRŠàÜ‚âBCG ‚Ìã•””A˜H’“ü—Ö@‚É‚æ‚éÄ”—\–hŒø‰Ê‚ðŒŸ“¢‚µ‚½•ñ‚͂ȂC‚»‚Ì—LŒø«‚ɂ‚¢‚Ă̌‹˜_‚Ío‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢9j|11jB
Ⅲ •úŽËü—Ö@
tá±E”AŠÇŠà‚ɑ΂·‚é•úŽËü—Ö@‚Ì—LŒø«‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍCt”AŠÇ‘S“EœpEäNã÷•”•ªØœp‚Ìadjuvant —Ö@‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éŒã‚ëŒü‚«‚Ì•ñ‚ª”‚ ‚é‚݂̂ł ‚éBŽîᇰ}Š‘®ƒŠƒ“ƒp߂ւÌpŒãÆŽË’P“ÆC‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍC•úŽËü—Ö@‚Æcisplatin ƒx[ƒX‚̉»Šw—Ö@‚Ì•¹—p‚É‚æ‚èsurvival benefit ‚ª“¾‚ç‚ꂽ‚Æ‚·‚é•ñ‚Æ“¾‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚Æ‚·‚é•ñ‚ª¬Ý‚µ‚Ä‚¨‚èCŒ‹˜_‚͈ê’肵‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢12j|15jB
ŽQl•¶Œ£
1j ˆä슲•v, A–Ø“N—T, ã“cŒõF, ‘¼. is«tá±E”AŠÇŠà‚ɑ΂·‚éMethotrexateEVinblastineEAdriamycinECisplatin iM-VACj•¹—p—Ö@‚̬Ñ. Šà‚Ɖ»Šw—Ö@. 1989; 16: 2577-82.
2j Lerner SE, Blute ML, Richardson RL, Zincke H. Platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Mayo Clin Proc. 1996; 71: 945-50.
3j Tanji N, Ozawa A, Miura N, et al. Long-term results of combined chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin for metastatic urothelial carcinomas. Int J Clin Oncol. 2010; 15: 369-75.
4j Audenet F, Yates DR, Cussenot O, Roupret M. The role of chemotherapy in the treatment of urothelial cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tractiUUT-UCCj. Urol Oncol. 2013; 31: 407-13.
5j Lane BR, Smith AK, Larson BT, et al. Chronic kidney disease after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma and implications for the administration of perioperative chemotherapy. Cancer. 2010; 116: 2967-73.
6j Kaag MG, OfMalley RL, OfMalley P, et al. Changes in renal function following nephroureterectomy may affect the use of perioperative chemotherapy. Eur Urol. 2010; 58: 581-7.
7j Tanaka N, Kikuchi E, Kanao K, et al. Patient characteristics and outcomes in metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma after radical nephroureterectomy: the experience of Japanese multi-institutions. BJU Int. 2013; 112: E28-34.
8j Giannarini G, Kessler TM, Birkhäuser FD, Thalmann GN, Studer UE. Antegrade perfusion with bacillus Calmette-Guérin in patients with non-muscleinvasive urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: who may benefit? Eur Urol. 2011; 60: 955-60.
9j Rastinehad AR, Ost MC, Vanderbrink BA, et al. A 20-year experience with percutaneous resection of upper tract transitional carcinoma: is there an oncologic benefit with adjuvant bacillus Calmette Guérin therapy? Urology. 2009; 73: 27-31.
10j Martínez-Piñeiro JA, García Matres MJ, Martínez-Piñeiro L. Endourological treatment of upper tract urothelial carcinomas: analysis of a series of 59 tumors. J Urol. 1996; 156: 377-85.
11j Keeley FX Jr., Bagley DH. Adjuvant mitomycin C following endoscopic treatment of upper tract transitional cell carcinoma. J Urol. 1997; 158: 2074-7.
12j Hall MC, Womack JS, Roehrborn CG, Carmody T, Sagalowsky AI. Advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: patterns of failure, survival and impact of postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. J Urol. 1998; 160: 703-6.
13j Maulard-Durdux C, Dufour B, Hennequin C, et al. Postoperative radiation therapy in 26 patients with invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: no impact on survival? J Urol. 1996; 155: 115-7.
14j Chen B, Zeng ZC, Wang GM, et al. Radiotherapy may improve overall survival of patients with T3/T4 transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis or ureter and delay bladder tumour relapse. BMC Cancer. 2011; 11: 297.
15j Czito B, Zietman A, Kaufman D, Skowronski U, Shipley W. Adjuvant radiotherapy with and without concurrent chemotherapy for locally advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter. J Urol. 2004; 172: 1271-5.
CQ13
t‰·‘¶Ž¡—ÂƂµ‚ÄBCG ‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍRŠàÜã•””A˜H’“ü—Ö@‚Í„§‚³‚ê‚é‚©?
Answer
tá±E”AŠÇ‚ÌŒ´”«CIS Ç—á‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄC‡s«‚Ü‚½‚Í‹ts«‚ÉBCG ã•””A˜H’“ü—Ö@‚ðŽÀŽ{‚·‚邱‚Ƃɂæ‚è’·Šú‚Ìt‰·‘¶‚ª‰Â”\‚ƂȂéǗႪ‚ ‚éB’Pt‚ ‚é‚¢‚Í—¼‘¤«C‚Ü‚½t‹@”\áŠQ‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍPS‚ª•s—Ç‚Ètá±E”AŠÇ‚ÌŒ´”«CIS Ç—á‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚Íl—¶‚³‚ê‚鎡—Âł ‚éi„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒhC1jB
‰ð à
tá±E”AŠÇ‚ÌŒ´”«CIS Ç—á‚ðŠÜ‚ßtá±E”AŠÇŠà‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚ÍCt”AŠÇ‘S“EœpEäNã÷•”•ªØœp‚ª‚ ‚‚܂ŕW€“IŽ¡—Âł ‚邪Cŋ߂ł͒Pt‚ ‚é‚¢‚Í—¼‘¤«C‚Ü‚½t‹@”\áŠQ‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍPS ‚ª•s—Ç‚ÈÇ—á‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄBCG ‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍRŠàÜ‚Ìã•””A˜H’“ü—Ö@‚ªŽŽ‚Ý‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB‚µ‚©‚µCǗᔂ̂Ȃ¢Œã‚ëŒü‚«Œ¤‹†‚Ì•ñ‚ª‚Ù‚Æ‚ñ‚ǂł ‚éB
BCG ‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍRŠàÜ‚Ìã•””A˜H‚Ö‚Ì’“ü•û–@‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍCtá‘‘¢ÝŒã‚ɇs«‚É’“ü‚·‚é•û–@C”AŠÇƒJƒe[ƒeƒ‹‚ð‹ts«‚É—¯’u‚µC”AŠÇƒJƒe[ƒeƒ‹‚©‚ç’“üC‚Ü‚½‚Ídouble-J ƒXƒeƒ“ƒg‚ð—¯’u‚µCVUR‚ð—˜—p‚µ’“ü‚·‚é•û–@‚ª‚ ‚邪C‚ǂ̕û–@‚ªÅ“K‚Å‚ ‚é‚©‚ð”äŠr‚µ‚½•ñ‚͂Ȃ¢B‚Ü‚½C“KØ‚È“Š—^ŽžŠÔC“Š—^”Z“xC“Š—^ŠÔŠu‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚àŒŸ“¢‚͂Ȃ³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
Giannarini ‚ç‚Í42 —á‚Ìtá±E”AŠÇ‚ÌŒ´”«CISÇ—á‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄŒo”ç“I‚Étá‘‚ð‘¢Ý‚µCäNã÷’“ü‚ÅŽg—p‚·‚éBCG ‚Ì‚R”{—Ê‚ð150ml ‚É—n‰ð‚µ‚½ã‚Å‚QŽžŠÔ‚©‚¯‚Ä‚U‰ñ’“ü‚·‚郌ƒWƒƒ“‚ÌŽ¡—ìтð•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é1jB•½‹ÏŠÏŽ@ŠúŠÔ‚Í42 ƒ•ŒŽ‚ÅC40%‚ÉÄ”C5%‚É•aŠúi“W‚ð”F‚ßC‚T”NC10”N‚Ì”ñÄ”—¦‚Í‚»‚ꂼ‚ê57%C49%‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B‚±‚ê‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä“àŽ‹‹¾“IŽ¡—ÃŒã‚ÌpŒã•╗Ö@‚Æ‚µ‚ÄBCG ã•””A˜H’“ü‚ðŽ{s‚µ‚½Ta/T1 Ç—ái22 —áj‚Å‚ÍC59%‚ÉÄ”C41%‚É•aŠúi“W‚ð”F‚ßCtá±E”AŠÇ‚ÌŒ´”«CIS Ç—á‚ɑ΂·‚鎡—ìтɔä‚×—\Œã•s—ǂł ‚Á‚½B
Double-J ƒXƒeƒ“ƒg‚Ü‚½‚Í”AŠÇƒJƒe[ƒeƒ‹‚É‚æ‚é‹ts«’“ü‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚àC63~100%‚Ì”A×–Ef‰A«—¦‚ª•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é2j|6jBKojima ‚ç‚Í11 —á‚Ìtá±E”AŠÇ‚ÌŒ´”«CIS Ç—á‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄCdouble-J ƒXƒeƒ“ƒg—¯’uŒã‚É’Êí—Ê‚ÌBCG ‚ð40ml ‚É—n‰ð‚µäNã÷’“ü‚µ‚½Œ‹‰Ê‚ð•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é7jB‚X—ái82%j‚ÌÇ—á‚Å”A×–Ef‚͉A«‰»‚µC‚T”N”ñÄ”—¦‚Í78%C‚T”NŠà“ÁˆÙ“I¶‘¶—¦‚Í80%‚Å‚ ‚èCt”AŠÇ‘S“EœpEäNã÷•”•ªØœpŒQi‚T”N”ñÄ”—¦F67%C‚T”NŠà“ÁˆÙ“I¶‘¶—¦F91%j‚Æ”äŠr‚µ·‚ð”F‚߂Ȃ©‚Á‚½‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Rastinehad ‚ç‚ÍCtá±E”AŠÇŠà‚ð“àŽ‹‹¾“I‚ÉØœ‚µ‚½Œã‚ÉpŒã•╗Ö@‚Æ‚µ‚ÄBCG ‚ðtá‘‚æ‚è‡s«‚É’“ü‚µ‚½ŒQ‚Æ’“ü—Ö@–¢Ž{sŒQ‚ðŒã‚ëŒü‚«‚É”äŠr‚µCÄ”E•aŠúi“W—¦‚É·‚ð”F‚߂Ȃ©‚Á‚½‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é8jB“àŽ‹‹¾“IŽ¡—ÃŒã‚ÌpŒã•╗Ö@‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÌRŠàÜã•””A˜H’“ü—Ö@‚Å‚ÍCmitomycin C ‚Ü‚½‚Íadriamycin ‚Ȃǂª—p‚¢‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚邪C‚ǂ̕ñ‚àǗᔂª‚È‚CÄ”—\–h‚ɑ΂µ‚Ă̗LŒø«‚Í–¾‚ç‚©‚ł͂Ȃ¢9j10jB
ŽQl•¶Œ£
1j Giannarini G, Kessler TM, Birkhäuser FD, Thalmann GN, Studer UE. Antegrade perfusion with bacillus Calmette-Guérin in patients with non-muscleinvasive urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: who may benefit? Eur Urol. 2011; 60: 955-60.
2j Sharpe JR, Duffy G, Chin JL. Intrarenal bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy for upper urinary tract carcinoma in situ. J Urol. 1993; 149: 457-9.
3j Nishino Y, Yamamoto N, Komeda H, Takahashi Y, Deguchi T. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation treatment for carcinoma in situ of the upper urinary tract. BJU Int. 2000; 85: 799-801.
4j Nonomura N, Ono Y, Nozawa M, et al. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin perfusion therapy for the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma in situ of the upper urinary tract. Eur Urol. 2000; 38: 701-4.
5j Okubo K, Ichioka K, Terada N, Matsuta Y, Yoshimura K, Arai Y. Intrarenal bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy for carcinoma in situ of the upper urinary tract: long-term follow-up and natural course in cases of failure. BJU Int. 2001; 88: 343-7.
6j Irie A, Iwamura M, Kadowaki K, Ohkawa A, Uchida T, Baba S. Intravesical instillation of bacille Calmette-Guérin for carcinoma in situ of the urothelium involving the upper urinary tract using vesicoureteral reflux created by a double-pigtail catheter. Urology. 2002; 59: 53-7.
7j Kojima Y, Tozawa K, Kawai N, Sasaki S, Hayashi Y, Kohri K. Long-term outcome of upper urinary tract carcinoma in situ: effectiveness of nephroureterectomy versus bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy. Int J Urol. 2006; 13: 340-4.
8j Rastinehad AR, Ost MC, Vanderbrink BA, et al. A 20-year experience with percutaneous resection of upper tract transitional carcinoma: is there an oncologic benefit with adjuvant bacillus Calmette Guérin therapy? Urology. 2009; 73: 27-31.
9j Martínez-Piñeiro JA, García Matres MJ, Martínez-Piñeiro L. Endourological treatment of upper tract urothelial carcinomas: analysis of a series of 59 tumors. J Urol. 1996; 156: 377-85.
10j Keeley FX Jr., Bagley DH. Adjuvant mitomycin C following endoscopic treatment of upper tract transitional cell carcinoma. J Urol. 1997; 158: 2074-7.
CQ14
“]ˆÚ«‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍÄ”«‚Ìtá±E”AŠÇŠà‚ɑ΂·‚鉻Šw—Ö@‚ɂ͂ǂ̂悤‚È‚à‚Ì‚ª‚ ‚é‚©?
Answer
“]ˆÚ«‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍÄ”«i‹ÇŠÄ”j‚Ìtá±E”AŠÇŠà‚ɑ΂·‚鉻Šw—Ö@‚ÍC“]ˆÚ«‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍÄ”«‚ÌäNã÷Šà‚Æ“¯—l‚ÉGC —Ö@‚âMVAC —Ö@‚Ȃǂªs‚í‚ê‚éi„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒhBjB
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“]ˆÚ«‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍÄ”«‚ÌäNã÷Šà‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚ÍCGC —Ö@igemcitabine, cisplatinj‚âMVAC —Ö@imethotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, cisplatinj‚ª‰ÈŠw“Iª‹’‚Ì‚ ‚郌ƒWƒƒ“‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŽ{s‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¨‚èC‚¢‚¸‚ê‚àäNã÷Šàf—ÃKƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“2009 ”N“x”łł̈́§ƒOƒŒ[ƒhA ‚Æ‚µ‚Ä„§‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éBˆê•ûC“]ˆÚ«‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍÄ”«‚Ìtá±E”AŠÇŠà‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ă͉»Šw—Ö@‚Ì—LŒø«‚ðŽ¦‚µ‚½‰ÈŠw“Iª‹’‚Ì‚‚¢•ñ‚͂ȂC2013 ”N‚ÌEAU ‚âNCCN ƒKƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“‚Å‚ÍCäNã÷Šà‚Æ“¯‚¶”A˜Hã”çŠà‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Ƃ𪋒‚ÉCäNã÷Šà‚Æ“¯‚¶ƒŒƒWƒƒ“‚ð“K‰ž‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ì‚ªŒ»ó‚Å‚ ‚éB‚µ‚©‚µC“¯‚¶”A˜Hã”çŠà‚Å‚ ‚Á‚Ä‚à“]ˆÚ«‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍÄ”«‚ÌäNã÷Šà‚Ætá±E”AŠÇŠà‚̉»Šw—Ö@‚Ö‚ÌŠ´Žó«‚Í“¯—l‚Ƃ͌À‚炸1jC‚Ü‚½C“]ˆÚ«‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍÄ”«‚Ìtá±E”AŠÇŠà‚Ì‘½‚‚ÌŠ³ŽÒ‚Å‚Íæs‚·‚ét”AŠÇ‘S“EœpEäNã÷•”•ªØœp‚É‚æ‚èt‹@”\‚ª’ቺ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邽‚ß2jCcisplatin ‚ðŠÜ‚Þ‰»Šw—Ö@‚ð—\’肵‚Ä‚à–òܓЗ^—ʂ̌¸—Ê‚ª•K—v‚Èꇂª‘½‚CäNã÷Šà‚Æ“¯“™‚̉»Šw—Ö@‚Ì—LŒø«‚ª“¾‚ç‚ê‚é‚©‚Ç‚¤‚©‚Í–¾‚ç‚©‚ł͂Ȃ¢B‚Ü‚½CäNã÷Šà‚Æ“¯—l‚ÉCtá±E”AŠÇŠà‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚à—LŒø«‚ªØ–¾‚³‚ꂽ‚QŽŸC‚RŽŸ‰»Šw—Ö@‚̃ŒƒWƒƒ“‚Í‘¶Ý‚µ‚È‚¢B
“]ˆÚ«‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍÄ”«‚Ìtá±E”AŠÇŠàгŽÒ‚ð‘Îۂɉ»Šw—Ö@‚ÌŒø‰Ê‚ðŒŸ“¢‚µWÏ‚µ‚½•ñ‚͋ɂ߂ĂȂ¢Bˆäì‚ç‚ÍCis«tá±E”AŠÇŠà17 —áip‘O‰»Šw—Ö@‚S—á‚ðŠÜ‚Þj‚ð‘ÎÛ‚É•½‹Ï2.6 ƒR[ƒX‚ÌMVAC —Ö@‚ðŽ{s‚µ‚½Œ‹‰ÊC‘tŒø—¦iCR+PRj‚ª‚X—ái52.9%j‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é3jB‘ŸŠí•ʂ̑tŒø—¦‚ÍCŒ´”‘ƒ62.5%CƒŠƒ“ƒpß54.5%C”x66.7%CŠÌ0%Cœ40%‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B13 —Ⴓ͖òܓЗ^—ʂ̌¸—Ê‚â15 “ú–ÚC22 “ú–ڂł̖òܓЗ^‚Ì’†Ž~‚ª•K—v‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B28 —á‚Ìis«tá±E”AŠÇŠà‚ɑ΂µ‚Äcisplatin ‚ðŠÜ‚Þ‰»Šw—Ö@‚ÌŒø‰Ê‚ðŒŸ“¢‚µ‚½Lerner ‚ç‚Ì•ñ‚Å‚ÍC‘tŒø—¦‚Í54%‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½‚ªCR ‚Í”‚Å‚ ‚èC’·Šú¶‘¶—á‚à‚È‚©‚Á‚½4jB‚Ü‚½C79%‚Å‚Ít‹@”\’ቺ‚Ì‚½‚߂ɖòܓЗ^—Ê‚ªŒ¸—Ê‚³‚ꂽBTanji ‚ç‚ÍCtá±E”AŠÇŠà‚ðŠÜ‚Þ71 —á‚Ì“]ˆÚ«”A˜Hã”çŠà‚ɑ΂·‚éÅ’á‚QƒR[ƒX‚ÌGC —Ö@‚ÌŽ¡—ìтð•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é5jB‰»Šw—Ö@–¢Ž{s—á‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍC‰»Šw—Ö@I—¹Œã‚Uƒ•ŒŽˆÈŒã‚ÉÄ”‚ðŽ¦‚µ‚½Ç—á‚É‚¨‚¯‚é‘tŒø—¦‚ÍCt᱊à35%i6/17jC”AŠÇŠà43%i9/21jCäNã÷Šà50%i16/32j‚Æ·‚ð”F‚ß‚¸C–³‘ˆ«¶‘¶ŠúŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚à—LˆÓ·‚Í”F‚߂Ȃ©‚Á‚½‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
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1j Audenet F, Yates DR, Cussenot O, Rouprêt M. The role of chemotherapy in the treatment of urothelial cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tractiUUT-UCCj. Urol Oncol. 2013; 31: 407-13.
2j Lane BR, Smith AK, Larson BT, et al. Chronic kidney disease after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma and implications for the administration of perioperative chemotherapy. Cancer. 2010; 116: 2967-73.
3j ˆä슲•v, A–Ø“N—T, ã“cŒõF, ‘¼. is«tá±E”AŠÇŠà‚ɑ΂·‚éMethotrexateEVinblastineEAdriamycinECisplatin iM-VACj•¹—p—Ö@‚̬Ñ. Šà‚Ɖ»Šw—Ö@. 1989; 16: 2577-82.
4j Lerner SE, Blute ML, Richardson RL, Zincke H. Platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Mayo Clin Proc. 1996; 71: 945-50.
5j Tanji N, Ozawa A, Miura N, et al. Long-term results of combined chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin for metastatic urothelial carcinomas. Int J Clin Oncol. 2010; 15: 369-75.
CQ15
t‹@”\áŠQŽž‚̉»Šw—Ö@‚ɂ͂ǂ̂悤‚È‚à‚Ì‚ª‚ ‚é‚©?
Answer
tá±E”AŠÇŠà‚Ìt‹@”\áŠQÇ—á‚ɑ΂·‚é’è‚Ü‚Á‚½‰»Šw—Ö@‚̃ŒƒWƒƒ“‚Í‘¶Ý‚µ‚È‚¢Bt”AŠÇ‘S“EœpEäNã÷•”•ªØœpŒã‚Í‚³‚ç‚Ét‹@”\‚ª’ቺ‚·‚邽‚ßCt‹@”\‚Ì–Ê‚ðl—¶‚·‚é‚̂ł ‚ê‚Îcisplatin ƒx[ƒX‚ÌŽüpŠú•╉»Šw—Ö@‚Íneoadjuvant ‚Æ‚µ‚Äp‘O‚ÉŽÀŽ{‚·‚é‚Ù‚¤‚ª–]‚Ü‚µ‚¢i„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒhC1jB
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tá±E”AŠÇŠà‚ÍäNã÷Šà‚Æ“¯—l‚Écisplatin ƒx[ƒX‚̉»Šw—Ö@‚Ì—LŒø«‚ªŠú‘Ò‚³‚ê‚éB‚µ‚©‚µt‹@”\áŠQ‚ð—L‚·‚éÇ—á‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚ÍCƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒi»Ü‚Ì—LŠQŽ–Û‚Ì’†‚Å‚à“Á‚Ét‹@”\áŠQ‚ª‘å‚«‚È–â‘è‚Æ‚È‚éBŒ»Žž“_‚ÅCt‹@”\áŠQ‚ɑ΂·‚é’è‚Ü‚Á‚½‰»Šw—Ö@‚̃ŒƒWƒƒ“‚Í‘¶Ý‚¹‚¸Ccarboplatin ƒx[ƒXC”ñƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒi»Ü“™‚̃ŒƒWƒƒ“‚ª•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚邪C‚»‚Ì—LŒø«‚Í\•ª‚ÉŒŸ“¢‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
tá±E”AŠÇŠà‚ÉŒÀ’肵‚ÄŽÀŽ{‚³‚ꂽ‘å‹K–͂Ȗ³ìˆ×‰»”äŠrŽŽŒ±‚Í‘¶Ý‚¹‚¸C‚Ù‚Æ‚ñ‚ǂ̕ñ‚ª”A˜Hã”çŠà‚Æ‚µ‚ÄäNã÷Šà‚ƂƂà‚É“o˜^‚µ‰ðÍ‚³‚ꂽ‚à‚̂ł ‚éB“––ʂ͓]ˆÚ«äNã÷Šà‚É€‚¶‚½Ž¡—ÂðŽQl‚É‚µCt‹@”\áŠQ‚ª‚ ‚éꇂɂ͓]ˆÚ«äNã÷Šà‚Ìcisplatin gunfith Ç—á‚É€‚¶‚½‰»Šw—Ö@‚ðŽg—p‚·‚邵‚©‚È‚¢B‚µ‚©‚µCäNã÷Šà‚Ætá±E”AŠÇŠà‚ÌŽîᇊw“I«Ž¿‚Í•K‚¸‚µ‚à“¯ˆê‚ł͂ȂC¡Œãtá±E”AŠÇŠà‚É“Á‰»‚µ‚½‰»Šw—Ö@‚ÌŠm—§‚ª‹}–±‚Å‚ ‚éB
ŽüpŠú•╉»Šw—Ö@‚ðŽ{s‚·‚éê‡Ct”AŠÇ‘S“EœpEäNã÷•”•ªØœpŒã‚ɂ͊mŽÀ‚Ét‹@”\‚ª’ቺ‚·‚é‚Ì‚ÅCpŒã•╉»Šw—Ö@‚Ì“K‰ž‚ÍŒÀ‚ç‚ꂽ‚à‚̂ɂȂéBCleveland Clinic ‚Å‚ÍCt”AŠÇ‘S“EœpEäNã÷•”•ªØœp‚ðŽ{s‚µ‚½336 —á‚Ìtá±E”AŠÇŠà‚ð‘ÎÛ‚ÉCp‘OŒã‚Ìt‹@”\•]‰¿‚Æcisplatin ƒx[ƒX‚̉»Šw—Ö@‚ª‰Â”\‚Èt‹@”\‚ð—L‚·‚銳ŽÒ‚ÌŠ„‡‚ðŒã‚ëŒü‚«‚ÉŒŸ“¢‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é1jBeGFR ‚ª60ml/•ª/1.73m2 –¢–ž‚ðCKDichronic kidney diseasej‚Æ‚µ‰»Šw—Ö@•s‰Â”\—á‚Æ’è‹`‚·‚邯Cp‘O‚Å‚Í48%‚ÌŠ³ŽÒ‚ª‰»Šw—Ö@‰Â”\‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½‚ªCpŒã‚Í22%‚Æ—LˆÓ‚ɒቺ‚µ‚½Btá±E”AŠÇŠàÇ—á‚ɑ΂µ‚Äcisplatin ƒx[ƒX‚̉»Šw—Ö@‚ðŽÀŽ{‚·‚é‚̂ł ‚ê‚ÎCp‘O‚Éneoadjuvant‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŽÀŽ{‚·‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚邯q‚ׂĂ¢‚éB“¯—l‚Ì•ñ‚ÍMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center ‚ð’†S‚Æ‚·‚鑽Ž{Ý‹¤“¯Œ¤‹†‚©‚ç‚à‚È‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é2jBt”AŠÇ‘S“EœpEäNã÷•”•ªØœp‚ðs‚Á‚½388 —á‚ð‘ÎÛ‚ÉŒã‚ëŒü‚«‚ÉŒŸ“¢‚µ‚½‚Æ‚±‚ëCcisplatin ƒx[ƒX‚ÌŽüpŠú‰»Šw—Ö@‚ª‰Â”\‚ÈÇ—á‚ÌŠ„‡‚ÍCp‘O‚Ì49%‚©‚çCpŒã‚Í19%‚ɒቺ‚µ‚½B70 ΈÈã‚Ì‚—îŽÒ‚ł͂³‚ç‚É‚±‚ÌŒXŒü‚ÍŒ°’˜‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚àŽüpŠú‰»Šw—Ö@‚Íp‘O‚És‚¤‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚邯q‚ׂĂ¢‚邪C‰»Šw—Ö@‚Ì‹ï‘Ì“I‚ȃŒƒWƒƒ“‚ÍŒ¾‹y‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
t”AŠÇ‘S“EœpEäNã÷•”•ªØœp‚¨‚æ‚Ñcisplatin ƒx[ƒX‚Ìadjuvant ‰»Šw—Ö@‚ðs‚¢Ct‹@”\‚ð•]‰¿‚µ‚½•ñ‚͋ɂ߂ĂȂ3jC‹H‚ÉŒŒ‰t“§Í‚ÉŽŠ‚é—Ⴊ‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ª•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
ŽQl•¶Œ£
1j Lane BR, Smith AK, Larson BT, et al. Chronic kidney disease after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma and implications for the administration of perioperative chemotherapy. Cancer. 2010; 116: 2967-73.
2j Kaag MG, OfMalley RL, OfMalley P, et al. Changes in renal function following nephroureterectomy may affect the use of perioperative chemotherapy. Eur Urol. 2010; 58: 581-7.
3j Cho KS, Joung JY, Seo HK, et al. Renal safety and efficacy of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with a solitary kidney after nephroureterectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2011; 67: 769-74.
CQ16
tá±E”AŠÇŠà‚É•úŽËü’P“ÆŽ¡—Â͗LŒø‚©?
Answer
ŠO‰ÈŽ¡—Ö¢Ž{s—á‚Ìtá±E”AŠÇŠà‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½•úŽËüÆŽË’P“Ƃ̎¡—ìт̕ñ‚Í‘¶Ý‚µ‚È‚¢B‚Ü‚½pŒã’ljÁŽ¡—ÂƂµ‚Ă̕úŽËü—Ö@‚Ì—L—p«‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ĂଋK–͂Ȍã‚ëŒü‚«ŒŸ“¢‚̂ݑ¶Ý‚µCŒ»Žž“_‚Å•úŽËüŽ¡—Â̗LŒø«‚Í–¾‚ç‚©‚Æ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢i„§ƒOƒŒ[ƒhC2jB
‰ð à
Hall ‚ç‚Í1960 ”N‚©‚ç1992 ”N‚ÉTexas ‘åŠwSouthwestern Medical Center ‚ÅŽèp‚ðs‚Á‚½tá±E”AŠÇŠà252 —á‚ðŒã‚ëŒü‚«‚ÉŒŸ“¢‚µ‚½1jBStage Ⅲ/Ⅳ‚Ì74 —á’†28 —á‚ÉpŒã•úŽËüŽ¡—ªŽÀŽ{‚³‚êCÆŽËŒQ28 —á’†‚R—ái11%jC”ñÆŽËŒQ46 —á’†‚V—ái15%j‚ÍpŒã‚ÉMVAC —Ö@imethotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, cisplatinj‚ªŽÀŽ{‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½BÆŽËü—ʂ̒†‰›’l‚Í39.8Gy ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½BStage Ⅲ/Ⅳ‚Ì74 —á‚Ì‚T”N‘S¶‘¶—¦‚Í21%C‚T”NŠà“ÁˆÙ“I¶‘¶—¦‚Í30%‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½BStage Ⅲ‚Ì‚T”NŠà“ÁˆÙ“I¶‘¶—¦‚ÍÆŽËŒQ‚Å45%C”ñÆŽËŒQ‚Å40%‚Æ—LˆÓ·‚͂ȂC‚Ü‚½stage Ⅳ‚Ì•½‹Ï¶‘¶ŠúŠÔ‚àCÆŽËŒQ‚Å‚Vƒ•ŒŽC”ñÆŽËŒQ‚Å‚Xƒ•ŒŽ‚Æ—LˆÓ·‚͂ȂCpŒã•úŽËü—Ö@‚Í—LŒø‚ł͂Ȃ¢‚Æq‚ׂĂ¢‚éBMaulard-Durdux ‚ç‚ÍŽèpŽ¡—Âðs‚Á‚½pT2/3 tá±E”AŠÇŠà26—á‚ð—p‚¢‚ÄpŒã•úŽËü—Ö@‚Ì—LŒø«‚ðŒã‚ëŒü‚«‚ÉŒŸ“¢‚µ‚½2jBÆŽËü—ʂ̕½‹Ï’l‚Í45Gy ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B•½‹ÏŠÏŽ@ŠúŠÔ45 ƒ•ŒŽ‚ÅCŠÏŽ@ŠúŠÔ’†‚ɋNJĔ‚ª‚P—áCŠ‘®ƒŠƒ“ƒpß“]ˆÚ‚ª‚S—áC‰“Šu“]ˆÚ‚ª14 —á‚É”F‚ß‚ç‚ꂽB‚T”N‘S¶‘¶—¦‚Í49%‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½‚ªC“¯—l‚Ì•a—•aŠúÇ—á‚ðŽèp’P“ƂŎ¡—µ‚½‘¼‚Ì•ñ‚ÌŽ¡—ìтƔäŠr‚µC–¾‚ç‚©‚È·‚ð”F‚߂Ȃ©‚Á‚½‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
ˆê•ûCChen ‚ç‚Í1998 ”N‚©‚ç2008 ”N‚Ét”AŠÇ‘S“EœpEäNã÷•”•ªØœp‚ðs‚Á‚½133 —á‚ð‘ÎÛ‚ÉpŒã•úŽËüŽ¡—Â̗L—p«‚ðŒã‚ëŒü‚«‚ÉŒŸ“¢‚µC‚»‚ÌŽ¡—ÃŒø‰Ê‚̉”\«‚ðŽ¦´‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é3jB‘SÇ—á’†67 —á‚ÉpŒã•úŽËüŽ¡—ªŽ{s‚³‚êC66 —á‚ÍpŒãRŠàÜäNã÷“à’“ü—Ö@‚݂̂ªŽ{s‚³‚ꂽBÆŽËü—ʂ̒†‰›’l‚Í50Gy ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B‘SÇ—á‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚·‚邯—¼ŒQŠÔ‚Å‘S¶‘¶—¦‚É—LˆÓ·‚ð”F‚߂Ȃ©‚Á‚½‚ªCpT3/4 ‚ÌŠ³ŽÒŒQ‚ÉŒÀ‚邯•úŽËüŽ¡—Âɂæ‚è—LˆÓ‚É‘S¶‘¶—¦‚ª‰„’·‚µ‚½B‘½•ϗʉð͂ɂ¨‚¢‚ÄC•úŽËüŽ¡—ÃŽ{s‚Ì—L–³‚͓Ɨ§‚µ‚½—\Œã—\‘ªˆöŽq‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½BCzito ‚ç‚ÍMassachusetts General Hospital ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä1970 ”N‚©‚ç1997 ”N‚ÌŠÔ‚ÉC•úŽËüÆŽË‚ðs‚Á‚½“]ˆÚ‚ð—L‚³‚È‚¢tá±E”AŠÇŠà31 —á‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Ét”AŠÇ‘S“EœpEäNã÷•”•ªØœpŒã‚ÌpŒã•úŽËü—Ö@‚Ɖ»Šw—Ö@•¹—pŽ¡—Â̗LŒø«‚ð•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é4jB31 —á’†28 —ái90%j‚Ístage Ⅲ/Ⅳ‚ÅCÆŽËü—ʂ̕½‹Ï’l‚Í46.9Gy ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B‚Ü‚½‚±‚Ì‚¤‚¿‚X—á‚Écisplatin ƒx[ƒX‚Ì‘Sg‰»Šw—Ö@‚ª•¹—pŽ¡—³‚ꂽB‰»Šw—Ö@‚ª•¹—p‚³‚ꂽ•úŽËüŽ¡—ÃŒQ‚Ì‚T”N‘S¶‘¶—¦‚Í67%‚ÅC•úŽËüŽ¡—Ã’P“ÆŒQi27%j‚Æ”äŠr‚µ—LˆÓ‚É‚‚©‚Á‚½B
ˆÈã‚̂悤‚ÉCt”AŠÇ‘S“EœpEäNã÷•”•ªØœpŒã‚ÌpŒã•úŽËü—Ö@‚Ì—LŒø«‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ă͈ê’è‚ÌŒ©‰ð‚ª“¾‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚Ì‚ªŒ»ó‚Å‚ ‚éB
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1j Hall MC, Womack JS, Roehrborn CG, Carmody T, Sagalowsky AI. Advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: patterns of failure, survival and impact of postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. J Urol. 1998; 160: 703-6.
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